Risk Management
Last Update Oct 15, 2025
Total Questions : 339
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Select the correct ethical principle that corresponds to each ethical dilemma described.
P Ltd, a manufacturing company, is considering a new capital investment project to set up a new production line. The initial appraisal shows a healthy net present value of $6,465 million at a discount rate of 10% as shown in the table below:
However, management is unsure about the demand for the product which will be produced and has insisted that the future revenues should be reduced to certainity equivalents by taking 70%, 65% and 60% of the years 1,2, and 3 cash inflows respectively.
What should P do?
VBN uses a balanced scorecard to monitor the performance of its divisions.
Classify each of the following decisions taken by a division's management team as either commercially sound or dysfunctional.
H sells machinery and also associated services, such as advice and repairs. H's industry is going through considerable transformation.
Classify each of the examples of information available to H's management as strategic, operational or of having little value.
Physical access controls can greatly enhance the security of company assets.
Select THREE methods by which physical access security can be significantly enhanced.
A's directors do not believe that they always get value for money from their investment in capital projects. Over the past decade the company has invested in 55 projects that have cost more than $1m. They are considering introducing a system of post completion audit to see if this will help them to understand any problems they have had with projects in the past. They hope to use the results of the post completion audits to significantly improve the results of their capital investments
State whether you agree or disagree with the points raised by A's directors.
P Ltd manufactures and sells electrical goods through retail outlets.
N is P Ltd's Sales Director. He has been recently promoted from a senior sales position with P Ltd. He has been forced to spend the first six months as Sales Director on dealing with an administrative mess left behind by the previous sales director.
You are a Senior Management Accountant at P Ltd. You have worked with N for many years.
N has worked hard and has made many changes that have brought significant benefit to the business.
N has asked you to postpone the recording of some purchase invoices so that he will meet his quarterly targets on profit margin.
What should you do?
SQH manufactures mobile phones SQH's Board is currently undertaking a long-term planning exercise as part of the process of strategy development The Board is considering expanding the number of countries it currently exports products to.
Which THREE of the following could cause difficulty in forecasting accurately'?
Company W produces mobile phone components and has recently tendered for a substantial contract. The results of the tendering process will not become available until three months from now. If the company is successful it will require 2,000 units of a commodity which is currently traded in an open commodity market for $740 per unit. However, there has been speculation that this commodity could increase substantially in price over the next three months and so the company is considering purchasing the commodity now and storing it for three months.
The funds to buy the commodity would be borrowed at an annual interest rate of 7% and the storage cost of the product would be $5.40 per unit per month. The storage costs would be paid at the end of the three month storage period.
Which of the following represents the gain or loss (to the nearest thousand dollars) that will accrue to Company W assuming that the price of the commodity rises to $800 in three months' time?
A project has been evaluated on the basis that it will cost $14 million and will have a net present value of $2.3 million.
The project has commenced and $3 million of the initial $14 million has been invested. A problem has been discovered that will cost an additional $2.5 million to rectify. The $2.5 million will be payable immediately.
What is the NPV of continuing with this project?
DFG's home currency is the D$.
DFG is heavily exposed to the exchange rate between the D$ and the L$, country L's currency. DFG's treasurer has noted the following:
• Inflation has been running at 5% in DFG's home country and 8% in country L
• Interest rates are 7% in DFG's home country and 11% in country L
• The spot rate is D$1.0000 = L$2.1000 and the three month forward rate is D$1.0 = L$2.1196
Which of the following statements is consistent with these figures?
M is updating the risk register for KRW, a listed company. KRW is a large multinational corporation operation. Which THREE of the following statements are correct?
C Ltd is a private, family-owned company which is hoping to become listed on a recognised Stock Exchange within the next two years. At the moment, the Board of Directors comprises five directors; four of whom are from the founding family and all of whom are involved in the day-to-day running of the business. The remaining director obtained a seat on the Board three years ago as a condition of an investment by a venture capital fund.
The Board meets in half-day sessions once a fortnight and the Board meetings are reasonably well run. All decisions are taken by the Board as a whole. There are no sub-committees.
Which of the following steps would it be appropriate for C Ltd to take in the light of the proposed listing?
Which categories on a risk map best describe the loss of sales floor staff in a fast fashion chain?
M, a manufacturing company, has had some problems with defects in one of the main products it produces. This product has been made by the company for many years and is very profitable. Last month it had over 300 defects reported by customers which is more than 15% of products sold. This is a reputation risk for M and is also affecting profitability.
Which of the following controls could M introduce to reduce defects and also increase profitability?
YGH has recently completed a post completion audit on a five year contract that has only recently come to a conclusion. The main finding was that the project delivered most of the expected benefits, but that it cost significantly more to implement than had been anticipated at the project appraisal stage. YGH would not have proceeded if the true cost had been known at that stage.
The project was the responsibility of the production department, which is presently managed by G.
When the project was proposed, the production department was managed by H. H is now YGH's Director of Operations.
How should the finding from this post completion audit be interpreted?
The management of U is reviewing internal controls throughout the company. It has noted the following:-
1. In the trade receivables section, journal adjustments are made by the clerks, without any reference to their supervisor. Journal adjustments may relate to sales returns, discounts allowed, or transfers between accounts.
2. In the purchasing department, the purchasing manager selects and approves all suppliers, as they are the only person with sufficient experience to do so. They use a very limited number of suppliers because they can rely on these suppliers to provide goods of the quality required at a competitive price. They do not keep any documents in relation to negotiations with other potential suppliers or other quotes obtained.
In relation to the above, which of the following statements are valid?
Having carried out a full capital appraisal for a construction project, H Company has approved the project with initial outflows of $6,000,000 and a net present value of $1,200,000.
The implementation phase has been commenced with 25% of the costs already committed. However when the ground was opened, an underground waterway was revealed which will need to be diverted if the project is to proceed. Work to carry out this diversion has been estimated at $1,300,000.
Which of the following factors will define whether the project should go ahead or not?
The Board of Directors of VCX, a state-owned electricity company, includes four executive directors the Chief Executive Officer, the Finance Director the Operation Director and the Technical Director
All of the shares in the company vest in the Office of the Minister for Energy, who is entitled to appoint two non-executive directors to the Board It has been alleged that the Minister appoints political "insiders" who have no particular knowledge of. or interest in. the electricity industry
There are three further non-executive directors
• L, who spent seven years as Chief Executive of VCX, but retired from that role two years ago,
• M, who spent several years on the Board of a state electricity company in a different country to VCX but who resigned from it before accepting the position with VCX: and
• N, who is a qualified and experienced professional accountant
In relation to best practice in respect of Corporate Governance, which of the following statements are valid? Select ALL that apply
S, a qualified and experienced professional accountant, has been appointed as a non-executive member of the Audit Committee of X X has recently obtained a listing on the second tier of a reputable Stock Exchange
B, the Finance Director, is only worried about the maintenance of proper financial controls and is less concerned with operational controls
S has asked A. the Production Director, to produce regular reports for the Audit Committee on production specification compliance and related issues A is concerned that this means S does not think he is doing his job properly and doubts his integrity
In relation to this scenario, which of the following statements are valid?
Select ALL that apply.
R plc is considering an investment of $1,100,000 in a new machine which is expected to have substantial cash inflows over the next five years.
The annual cash flows from this investment and their probability are shown below:
Annual cash flow ($) Probability
200,000 0.4
280,000 0.5
350,000 0.1
At the end of its five-year life, the asset is expected to sell for $100,000. The cost of capital is 5%.
What is the Expected Net Present Value?
Give your answer to the nearest whole $.
A large, publicly funded university is considering introducing a new information system in order to enhance its ability to store and retrieve academic records for past and current students, including the registration and deregistration of students.
In conducting an evaluation of the system, which THREE features would the management of the college be most likely to consider as essential prerequisites to implementation?
The technology used by 3D printers is developing rapidly These machines can now use a data file to print a solid object Depending on the printer the object can be plastic, metal or ceramic The increasing capability of those printers is being matched by the falling prices of the printers themselves and of the materials that they use to create the finished product
Which THREE of the following suggest that 3D printing is a potentially disruptive technology?
M built a large factory last year and it has just been completed. The initial outflows on this project have a present value of $400 million and the entire project has a net present value of $30 million.
The initial phase of the project caused problems and there was an overspend of $35 million as there was unstable soil. The foundations had to be underpinned with large steel bars to ensure the building would be safe. There was no other suitable site for the project.
The construction could not be abandoned as the site would have had very little commercial value.
The Internal Audit department has been asked to carry out a post completion audit. What issues should it concentrate on?
With regard to the internal audit department, which TWO of the following statements are correct?
The Head of IT Security has been asked to conduct a detailed forensic analysis of a suspected data breach that ted to customer credit card details being intercepted.
Which TWO of the following would be suitable objectives for such a forensic analysis?
When a new computer system is being implemented there are several possible methods for managing the changeover from the old system to the new system.
Which THREE of the following are true?
A project has an NPV of £1,200,000. The present value of material costs which are included in the NPV calculation are £8,000,000.
What is the sensitivity of the project to changes in material costs?
Give your answer to the nearest whole percentage.
JHG manufactures inexpensive cars that compete largely on price Its cars have very basic equipment and small but economical engines JHG's Board is considering launching a luxury brand of cars that will be far better equipped, more comfortable and have much better performance
Which THREE of the following would be relevant factors to incorporate into the stress testing of this new strategy to create a luxury brand?
The government health service in country H employs well over 100,000 staff in various locations throughout the country. Traditionally, local management has had high levels of autonomy in relation to personnel issues and there are several different human resources (HR) managers located across various regions.
The government has decided to introduce a completely new HR/payroll information system to have just one database containing all relevant information about every staff member on the payroll (start date, job title, salary and all other details) and to use this information to begin streamlining recruitment and HR policies.
The government has outsourced the system's development to a reputable company.
Which of the following are disadvantages associated with this IT project?
Which of the following statements concerning the role of the Audit Committee is correct?
K Ltd is an on-line travel agency specialising in budget package holidays to a small number of popular locations. The holidays that it sells are made up of a "package" of flights, hotel accommodation and food. K Ltd's Finance Director is concerned that the company's scope of operation is too narrow and wishes to diversify.
Identify TWO actions that K Ltd should take immediately.
You are in process of compiling a risk register for P, a company which maintains railway tracks. This helps prevent accidents and ensures the trains are not disrupted due to problems with the track.
Which of the following statements are valid?
Which THREE of the following are key elements of cyber security risk governance?
S Doc is an out-of-hours service provided by a country's government. The service allows members of the public to call and speak to a nurse who can advise on medical situations which are not obviously emergencies. Depending on the situation the caller can be referred to the full emergency services, or be advised to go to Accident and Emergency at the nearest hospital. Alternatively, a callout from a general practitioner (GP) can be organised; the caller can be advised of where GP services are available; advice can be given over the phone; or a decision can be taken that no further action is required at least until normal services resume on the next working day.
There has been a suggestion that the nurses who take these calls could be replaced by suitably trained operatives who have available to them a specially designed expert system.
Which of the following are advantages of using an expert system instead of nurses?
Which of the following statements best explains why a corporate treasury department should be established as a cost centre rather than a profit centre?
Which TWO of the following are benefits of carrying out a post-completion audit of capital projects?
The interest rate on EUR deposits is 7%. The interest rate on GBP deposits is 5%. The spot rate is EUR/GBP0.8500. What is the one year forward rate predicted to be assuming interest rate parity holds true?
You have just been employed as a management accountant in a small business with an annual turnover of $0.5 million.
You have a wide range of duties because the business is small.
Which of the following is an ethical risk?
NTN manufactures mobile phones. The company's directors have created a new formal long term strategy The strategy is based on differentiation. NTN's phones will be thinner and lighter than those of its competitors.
Which TWO of the following statements are correct?
C is an accounts clerKwho is supposed to sign each invoice as evidence that she has conducted checks against supporting documents Sometimes C signs invoices without making these checks
D is a member of the internal audit team He has been told to conduct compliance tests on whether C is checking the invoices property
Which of the following would grve D a false sense of assurance that C's checks have been in operation?
Select ALL that appry
FBK produces motorbikes for the high end sports market. The company has recently developed a bike that uses a powerful electric motor instead of a petrol engine.
Which of the following are product risks?
Select ALL that apply.
A US company has to pay £500,000 for a new machine.
You have the following information on currencies.
EUR 1 = £1.2300
EUR 1 = USD 1.6200
What is the cost of the machine in USD?
Give your answer to the nearest $.
A UK manufacturing company has simultaneously:
• purchased a put option to sell USD 1million at an exercise price of GBP1.00 = USD1.65
• sold a call option that grants the option holder the right to buy USD 1million at a price of GBP1.00 = USD1.61 (this option has the same maturity date as the put).
Which of the following is a valid explanation for entering into these option positions?
The long-term prospects for interest rates in the UK and the USA are 2% and 6% per annum respectively.
The GBP/USD spot rate is currently GBP/USD1.71.
Using interest rate parity theory, what GBP/USD spot rate would you expect to see in six months' time?
A project has a net present value of $2 million.
Total cash outflows of this project have a present value of $14 million, which includes staff costs of $10 million.
What is the project's sensitivity to staff costs?
TESTED 15 Oct 2025
