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Commercial Contracting Question and Answers

Commercial Contracting

Last Update May 1, 2024
Total Questions : 190

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Questions 1

EAC Facilities Management is planning for a new construction project in the suburban area. They decide to use NEC or FIDIC model form of contract for this project. Is this a right course of action?

Options:

A.  

Yes, these forms aim at balanced risk/reward allocation between the parties

B.  

No, the buyer will bear all the risks derived from the contract

C.  

Yes, using these forms will eliminate all the risks

D.  

No, the contractor won't understand the legal terminology in the contract forms

Discussion 0
Questions 2

Cleveland Insurance (Cleveland) offers a range of insurance services. The main software used in the call centre is a customer relationship management (CRM) system. Cleveland perceived an urgent need to replace the existing CRM system to deal with the increasing number of customers and services.

Urgent Digital Ltd (Digital) is one of the bidders of Cleveland’s ITT for designing, building and managing the new CRM system. Its bid team is led by Hank Irvine, its technical director. Hank realises that winning the Cleveland contract (valued at approximately £50M) will enhance his career. During discussions with Cleveland, Hank offers certain assurances regarding timescales for the project. He has not carried out any investigations into the viability of the timescales. Hank has little idea whether the timescales can be met.

Cleveland decides that Digital’s bid meets with its requirements, especially given the assurances in timescale offered by Hank, and decides to proceed with it, subject to a formal contract. Eventually, a formal contract is signed by both parties. The initial assurances given by Hank about the timing of the project are never going to be achieved and are at best grossly exaggerated.

Cleveland brought the case to the court and sought rescission of contract with Digital. Is Cleveland’s claim appropriate in this case?

Options:

A.  

Yes, because Cleveland needs to seek rescission first before claiming for damages

B.  

Yes, because both parties agreed with rescission of their contract

C.  

No, because the work had been carried out which could not be returned

D.  

No, because the contract does not include any provision on rescission

Discussion 0
Questions 3

Which of the following is the procedure that makes no further competition under a framework agreement?

Options:

A.  

Closed system

B.  

Direct call-off

C.  

Standing offer

D.  

Blanket order

Discussion 0
Questions 4

XYZ Ltd is negotiating a long-term supply contract of important parts with a supplier. Dave, procurement manager teams up with Alla, legal manager to construct a service level agreement. Dave is concerned that poor performance of supplier may cause damages to the operations of the organisation. Which of the following can be used in conjunction with SLA to compensate the buying organisation in case of supplier's poor performance?

1. Warranties

2. Force majeure clauses

3. Penalty clauses

4. Service credits

Options:

A.  

1 and 3 only

B.  

3 and 4 only

C.  

1 and 2 only

D.  

4 and 2 only

Discussion 0
Questions 5

Southwark is negotiating a contract with Orchard to provide software and IT services. Orchard will manufacture and install the products which are contractually supplied by IBM. Southwark’s procurement manager is worried that during the contract there would be some problems that they would not able to claim for damages from Orchard. Which of the following should be included in the head contract so that Southward can sue IBM, should the need arise?

Options:

A.  

Negligence

B.  

Indemnity

C.  

Collateral warranty deed

D.  

Insurance

Discussion 0
Questions 6

In a sale contract, a clause requires the seller to "defend, reimburse, and hold harmless" the buyer and its personnel from and against any and all damages arising in connection with some specific circumstances. This clause is an example of...?

Options:

A.  

Insurance

B.  

Liquidated damages

C.  

Indemnity

D.  

Force Majeure

Discussion 0
Questions 7

XYZ Ltd and Engineer Corp signed a long-term supply contract in which both parties had agreed on performance targets. Recently, due to increased customer demands, XYZ Ltd realises that they should make changes to the contract with Engineer Corp with regards to performance management. These changes are approved and signed by both the buyer and seller. The changes to the contract are known as...?

Options:

A.  

An amendment to the prime contract

B.  

A stand-alone subcontract to the prime contract

C.  

An appendix to the prime contract

D.  

A separate counter-offer to the supplier

Discussion 0
Questions 8

Under a framework agreement, which of the following are supplier selection mechanisms? Select TWO that apply:

Options:

A.  

Rescission of contract

B.  

Mini competition

C.  

Contract for lease

D.  

Direct call-off

E.  

Call off contract

Discussion 0
Questions 9

Which of the following is the model form of contract for construction which is recommended by World Bank?

Options:

A.  

ITC

B.  

JCT

C.  

CIPS

D.  

FIDIC

Discussion 0
Questions 10

Which of the following may be a benefit for purchaser in using call off contract?

Options:

A.  

Ability to discover new potential suppliers

B.  

No long-term commitment required

C.  

Secured supply

D.  

Maintaining a degree of competition between suppliers

Discussion 0
Questions 11

Which of the following should be used in a contract for window cleaning during the next three months?

Options:

A.  

Variable pricing arrangement

B.  

Fixed pricing arrangement

C.  

Standard schedule of rates

D.  

Cost-plus arrangement

Discussion 0
Questions 12

Southwark is negotiating a contract with Orchard to provide software and IT services. Orchard will manufacture and install the products which are contractually supplied by IBM. Southwark’s procurement manager is worried that during the contract there would be some problems that they would not able to claim for damages from Orchard. Which of the following should be included in the head contract so that Southward can sue IBM, should the need arise?

Options:

A.  

Negligence

B.  

Indemnity

C.  

Collateral warranty deed

D.  

Insurance

Discussion 0
Questions 13

What is the pricing method that incentivises the supplier to control their costs?

Options:

A.  

Penetration pricing

B.  

Cost-plus pricing

C.  

Target Costing

D.  

Skimming pricing

Discussion 0
Questions 14

Which of the following should be taken to avoid the conflicts between orally negotiated terms before the conclusion of contract and the final written contract?

Options:

A.  

Finding signs of misrepresentation of the other contracting party

B.  

Prevailing orally negotiated terms over the final written contract

C.  

Embedding a term excluding all prior oral discussions that are not mentioned in the final written contract

D.  

Avoiding long negotiation

Discussion 0
Questions 15

Which of the following is a true statement on express and implied terms?

Options:

A.  

Express terms always take precedent over implied terms

B.  

Implied terms may derive from oral negotiations

C.  

Express terms must always be in writing

D.  

Express terms must be prepared by the party with expert knowledge

Discussion 0
Questions 16

Which of the following are most likely to be substantive elements of the specification of a truck? Select TWO that apply:

Options:

A.  

Guarantee

B.  

Foreword

C.  

Expected lifespan

D.  

Ethics

E.  

Abbreviation

Discussion 0
Questions 17

Which of the following can be considered as implied terms in a contract?

1. Case law

2. Statute

3. Trade custom

4. A term can never be implied, it must always be expressed by the parties

Options:

A.  

1,3 and 4 only

B.  

1, 2 and 3 only

C.  

1, 2 and 4 only

D.  

2, 3 and 4 only

Discussion 0
Questions 18

In the UK, Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 regulates which of the following?

Options:

A.  

Validity of a contract when it is formed on the basis of misrepresentation

B.  

Rules regarding battle of the forms

C.  

Effectiveness of contract terms in the standard terms and conditions

D.  

Rule of offer and acceptance

Discussion 0
Questions 19

A large company supplies a lot of products. Their shipments are often delayed and customers are not satisfied. Which of the following KPIs is most likely to be applied to this situation?

Options:

A.  

Technical support

B.  

OTIF delivery

C.  

Delay damages

D.  

Consignment stock availability

Discussion 0
Questions 20

Which of the following are among five 'pillars' of information assurance?

1. Recovery plan

2. Availability

3. Non-repudiation

4. Governance

Options:

A.  

2 and 3 only

B.  

1 and 2 only

C.  

1 and 4 only

D.  

3 and 4 only

Discussion 0
Questions 21

Which of the following is always automatically considered as a contract?

Options:

A.  

Call-off

B.  

Framework arrangement

C.  

Performance management framework

D.  

Framework agreement

Discussion 0
Questions 22

Which of the following indicates the ratio between profit and costs?

Options:

A.  

Gearing

B.  

Margin

C.  

Mark-up

D.  

Liquidity

Discussion 0
Questions 23

Company A based in Canada signed a commercial contract with Company B in Egypt. Both countries are Contracting States to Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. The contract states that "The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of Canada". Which of the following set of rules will be applied if dispute between contracting parties occurs?

Options:

A.  

CISG

B.  

Canada’s legal system

C.  

WTO rules

D.  

Egypt’s legal system

Discussion 0
Questions 24

Which of the following are reasons why a buying organisation adopts a model contract?

1. Extremely advantageous terms for buyer

2. Correct legal terminology

3. Supplier cannot make variation to the model form

4. Specific to industry

Options:

A.  

1 and 2 only

B.  

2 and 4 only

C.  

2 and 3 only

D.  

1 and 4 only

Discussion 0
Questions 25

Rochdale Ltd is looking for a new IT system to automate some of its operations. In designing the specification, procurement manager supposes that it should be done solely by the IT department who have deep expertise on this matter. Is procurement manager’s opinion appropriate?

Options:

A.  

No, because challenging the user's demand is the role of procurement

B.  

Yes, because designing complex specification would waste procurement manager’s time

C.  

Yes, because procurement professional has no expertise in IT sector

D.  

No, because designing complex specification could only be outsourced

Discussion 0
Questions 26

Which of the following is the set of principles that enables courts to determine exactly what the written contract says and what that must mean, then the court will uphold that?

Options:

A.  

Order of precedence

B.  

Rules of interpretation

C.  

Unfair Contract Act 1977

D.  

Rules of contract formation

Discussion 0
Questions 27

A senior buyer is preparing specification for the next purchase. He intends to embed social and environmental criteria that align with his organisation's overarching strategy. Which of the following provides the social and environmental objectives that an organisation pursues?

Options:

A.  

Economic performance

B.  

Procurement Systems and Technology

C.  

Economy of scale

D.  

Organisation’s CSR policies

Discussion 0
Questions 28

Company A buys a lorry from Company B on hire purchase. During the contractual period, Company A makes default in paying the instalment. Company B has...?

Options:

A.  

The right to take repossession of the lorry

B.  

The option to repossess the lorry

C.  

No right to take repossession

D.  

Company B has to approach the court

Discussion 0