A nulliparous woman at term presents with leaking fluid. Rupture of membranes confirmed. After 6 hours she is completely dilated, +2 station, has been pushing 2 hours with oxytocin at 10 mU/min. The fetal tracing is shown. What is the next step in management?

The decelerations seen in the fetal monitoring tracing shown are best described as:

The decelerations seen in the fetal monitoring tracing shown are best described as:

During the second stage of labor, a period of bradycardia develops. The fetal heart rate baseline variability is moderate. The most likely cause of this bradycardia is:

The most probable underlying fetal physiologic cause for this tracing would be:

When R-R intervals are short, the fetal heart rate is

A key differentiating factor when determining if a deceleration is early or late is the

Upon admission, the clinician discusses indications, risks, and benefits of electronic fetal monitoring. This reflects which ethical concept?

A 30-year-old woman (G2P0) is experiencing preterm labor at 26-weeks gestation. She is receiving magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection. Her external fetal monitoring tracing over the past 30 minutes is shown. The next step would be to:

A woman at 39-weeks gestation is in early labor, 2–3 cm dilated, 85% effaced, and –2 station. Based on the fetal heart rate tracing shown, what is the most appropriate first intervention?

A woman at 34-weeks gestation is in active labor after spontaneous rupture of membranes. Accelerations should be documented as

In the event of recurrent variable decelerations with thick meconium, amnioinfusion is recommended to:

A woman in labor has been pushing for 4 hours. For the last 2 hours, there have been recurrent variable decelerations. Variability has evolved from moderate to minimal. Cervical exam is 10/100%/+2, fetal head OP. There has been no fetal descent for the last 45 minutes. Based on the tracing shown, the most reasonable approach is

The baseline heart rate of a 28-week fetus is 170 bpm. The next step is to:

Intrapartum asphyxia can be determined by:

Based on the tracing shown, the first action should be to

Based on the fetal heart rate tracing shown, the expected fetal pH would be:

When accelerations precede a variable deceleration pattern, this is caused by

During amnioinfusion, the infusion should be stopped periodically to assess changes in:

The tracing shown is a:

In documenting auscultation of the fetal heart rate, it is important to record findings in relationship to:

A patient at 41 weeks gestation is being induced. She has progressed slowly and is now at 6 cm, 90% effaced, –1 station. She has the fetal heart tracing shown despite repositioning. The next step in the management of this patient should be to:

This fetal heart rate tracing represents:

The fetal heart rate tracing shown represents

A woman experiences an eclamptic seizure during the second stage of labor. An anticipated fetal heart rate abnormality post-seizure would be:

The baseline fetal heart rate in this tracing is:

The ratio of oxyhemoglobin to the total amount of hemoglobin available is called oxygen

This fetal heart rate tracing is of a woman in labor with dichorionic-diamniotic twins at 36-weeks gestation, 4 cm dilated. She is on oxygen via face mask. Based on the fetal heart rate tracing, what is the most appropriate action?

(Tracing A = black; Tracing B = blue)

(Full question)

Vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) is a useful intervention which can

A woman at 39-weeks gestation is being induced. She has chronic hypertension controlled by methyldopa (Aldomet). Spontaneous rupture of membranes has occurred; she is 10 cm dilated and at +1 station. The fetal monitor tracing shown is obtained by spiral electrode and tocodynamometer. The next best appropriate action is to:

A woman (G1, P0) at 41-weeks gestation presents to OB triage to rule out labor. Her cervical exam is 1 cm/50%/-2. Membranes are intact. She would like to go home if not in labor. Based on this tracing, which represents the last two hours, the best approach is:

An internal electronic fetal monitor tracing continues to record artifact despite equipment troubleshooting and replacement of the spiral electrode. The next action is to:

This tracing reflects

After spontaneous rupture of membranes, this fetal heart rate pattern is observed. The initial intervention should be to:

A woman is being induced with oxytocin. The tracing shown is representative of 20 minutes. Based on this tracing, the next step would be to:

(Full question statement)

The fetal heart rate tracing shown is obtained upon the woman's admission to labor and delivery. This tracing is most consistent with what maternal condition?

Usually, the duration of an early deceleration in comparison with the contraction is: