AWS Certified Security - Specialty
Last Update Nov 30, 2025
Total Questions : 467
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A medical company recently completed an acquisition and inherited an existing AWS environment. The company has an upcoming audit and is concerned about the compliance posture of its acquisition.
The company must identify personal health information inside Amazon S3 buckets and must identify S3 buckets that are publicly accessible. The company needs to prepare for the audit by collecting evidence in the environment.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select THREE.)
A developer has created an AWS Lambda function in a company's development account. The Lambda function requires the use of an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key that exists in a security account that the company's security team controls. The developer obtains the ARN of the KMS key from a previous Lambda function in the development account. The previous Lambda function had been working properly with the KMS key.
When the developer uses the ARN and tests the new Lambda function an error message states that access is denied to the KMS key in the security account. The developer tests the previous Lambda function that uses the same KMS key and discovers that the previous Lambda function still can encrypt data as expected.
A security engineer must resolve the problem so that the new Lambda function in the development account can use the KMS key from the security account.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A System Administrator is unable to start an Amazon EC2 instance in the eu-west-1 Region using an IAM role The same System Administrator is able to start an EC2 instance in the eu-west-2 and eu-west-3 Regions. The IAMSystemAdministrator access policy attached to the System Administrator IAM role allows unconditional access to all IAM services and resources within the account
Which configuration caused this issue?
A) An SCP is attached to the account with the following permission statement:
B)
A permission boundary policy is attached to the System Administrator role with the following permission statement:
C)
A permission boundary is attached to the System Administrator role with the following permission statement:
D)
An SCP is attached to the account with the following statement:
A company has several Amazon S3 buckets thai do not enforce encryption in transit A security engineer must implement a solution that enforces encryption in transit for all the company's existing and future S3 buckets.
Which solution will meet these requirements'?
A company usesAWS Organizations to run workloads in multiple AWS accounts Currently the individual team members at the company access all Amazon EC2 instances remotely by using SSH or Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) The company does not have any audit trails and security groups are occasionally open The company must secure access management and implement a centralized togging solution
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST securely?
A company wants to start processing sensitive data on Amazon EC2 instances. The company will use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to monitor, store, and access log files from the EC2 instances.
The company's developers use CloudWatch Logs for troubleshooting. A security engineer must implement a solution that prevents the developers from viewing the sensitive data The solution must automatically apply to any new log groups that are created in the account in the future.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A security engineer needs to configure an Amazon S3 bucket policy to restrict access to an S3 bucket that is named DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET. The policy must allow access to only DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET from only the following endpoint: vpce-1a2b3c4d. The policy must deny all access to DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET if the specified endpoint is not used.
Which bucket policy statement meets these requirements?
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage an organization that consists of three workload OUs Producbon Development and Testing. The company uses AWS CloudFormation templates to define and deploy workload infrastructure in AWS accounts that are associated with the OUs Different SCPs are attached to each workload OU.
The company successfully deployed a CloudFormation stack update to workloads in the Development OU and the Testing OU. When the company uses the same CloudFormation template to deploy the stack update in an account in the Production OU the update fails The error message reports insufficient 1AM permissions.
What is the FIRST step that a security engineer should take to troubleshoot this issue?
To meet regulatory requirements, a Security Engineer needs to implement an IAM policy that restricts the use of AWS services to the us-east-1 Region.
What policy should the Engineer implement?
A company uses Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) containers that have the Fargate launch type. The containers run web and mobile applications that are written in Java and Node.js. To meet network segmentation requirements, each of the company's business units deploys applications in its own dedicated AWS account.
Each business unit stores container images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) private registry in its own account.
A security engineer must recommend a solution to scan ECS containers and ECR registries for vulnerabilities in operating systems and programming language libraries.
The company's audit team must be able to identify potential vulnerabilities that exist in any of the accounts where applications are deployed.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is building an application on AWS that will store sensitive information. The company has a support team with access to the IT infrastructure, including databases. The company's security engineer must introduce measures to protect the sensitive data against any data breach while minimizing management overhead. The credentials must be regularly rotated.
What should the security engineer recommend?
A company deployed IAM Organizations to help manage its increasing number of IAM accounts. A security engineer wants to ensure only principals in the Organization structure can access a specific Amazon S3 bucket. The solution must also minimize operational overhead
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A Security Engineer has been tasked with enabling IAM Security Hub to monitor Amazon EC2 instances fix CVE in a single IAM account The Engineer has already enabled IAM Security Hub and Amazon Inspector m the IAM Management Console and has installed me Amazon Inspector agent on an EC2 instances that need to be monitored.
Which additional steps should the Security Engineer lake 10 meet this requirement?
You need to create a policy and apply it for just an individual user. How could you accomplish this in the right way?
Please select:
A company runs a web application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is associated with an AWS WAF web ACL that includes several AWS managed rules in Block mode The ALB and the web ACL are configured to send togs to Amazon S3 Additionally, the web application sends requests to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
The web ACL is blocking a specific request to the web application. A security engineer must determine which web ACL rule is blocking the request
Which solution will provide this information?
A company is planning to create an organization by using AWS Organizations. The company needs to integrate user management with the company's external identity provider (IdP). The company also needs to centrally manage access to all of its AWS accounts and applications from the organization's management account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company's policy requires that all API keys be encrypted and stored separately from source code in a centralized security account. This security account is managed by the company'ssecurity team However, an audit revealed that an API key is steed with the source code of an IAM Lambda function m an IAM CodeCommit repository in the DevOps account
How should the security learn securely store the API key?
A company wants to configure DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) for the company's primary domain. The company registers the domain with Amazon Route 53. The company hosts the domain on Amazon EC2 instances by using BIND.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets this requirement?
A security engineer needs to implement a solution to determine whether a company's Amazon EC2 instances are being used to mine cryptocurrency. The solution must provide notifications of cryptocurrency-related activity to an Amazon Simple Notification Seivtce (Amazon SNS) topic.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company wants to deploy a distributed web application on a fleet of EC2 instances. The fleet will be fronted by a Classic Load Balancer that will be configured to terminate the TLS connection The company wants to make sure that all past and current TLS traffic to the Classic Load Balancer stays secure even if the certificate private key is leaked.
To ensure the company meets these requirements, a Security Engineer can configure a Classic Load Balancer with:
A security engineer logs in to the AWS Lambda console with administrator permissions. The security engineer is trying to view logs in Amazon CloudWatch for a Lambda function that is named my Function.
When the security engineer chooses the option in the Lambda console to view logs in CloudWatch, an “error loading Log Streams" message appears.
The IAM policy for the Lambda function's execution role contains the following:
How should the security engineer correct the error?
A company runs workloads in the us-east-1 Region. The company has never deployed resources to other AWS Regions and does not have any multi-Region resources.
The company needs to replicate its workloads and infrastructure to the us-west-1 Region.
A security engineer must implement a solution that uses AWS Secrets Manager to store secrets in both Regions. The solution must use AWS Key Management Service(AWS KMS) to encrypt the secrets. The solution must minimize latency and must be able to work if only one Region is available.
The security engineer uses Secrets Manager to create the secrets in us-east-1.
What should the security engineer do next to meet the requirements?
There are currently multiple applications hosted in a VPC. During monitoring it has been noticed that multiple port scans are coming in from a specific IP Address block. The internal security team has requested that all offending IP Addresses be denied for the next 24 hours. Which of the following is the best method to quickly and temporarily deny access from the specified IP Address's.
Please select:
A security team is using Amazon EC2 Image Builder to build a hardened AMI with forensic capabilities. An AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key will encrypt the forensic AMI EC2 Image Builder successfully installs the required patches and packages in the security team's AWS account. The security team uses a federated IAM role m the same AWS account to sign in to the AWS Management Console and attempts to launch the forensic AMI. The EC2 instance launches and immediately terminates.
What should the security learn do lo launch the EC2 instance successfully
A security engineer is implementing a logging solution for a company's AWS environment. The security engineer has configured an AWS CloudTrail trail in the company's AWS account. The logs are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket for a third-party service provider to monitor. The service provider has a designated 1AM role to access the S3 bucket.
The company requires all logs to be encrypted at rest with a customer managed key. The security engineer uses AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) lo create the customer managed key and key policy. The security engineer also configures CloudTrail to use the key to encrypt the trail.
When the security engineer implements this configuration, the service provider no longer can read the logs.
What should the security engineer do to allow the service provider to read the logs?
A company’s security team needs to receive a notification whenever an AWS access key has not been rotated in 90 or more days. A security engineer must develop a solution that provides these notifications automatically.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?
A company's cloud operations team is responsible for building effective security for IAM cross-account access. The team asks a security engineer to help troubleshoot why some developers in the developer account (123456789012) in the developers group are not able to assume a cross-account role (ReadS3) into a production account (999999999999) to read the contents of an Amazon S3 bucket (productionapp).The two account policies are as follows:
Which recommendations should the security engineer make to resolve this issue? (Select TWO.)
A company uses Amazon CloudWatch to monitor application metrics. A security engineer needs to centralize the metrics from several AWS accounts. The security engineer also must create a dashboard to securely share the metrics with customers.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A consultant agency needs to perform a security audit for a company's production AWS account. Several consultants need access to the account. The consultant agency already has its own AWS account.
The company requires multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all access to its production account. The company also forbids the use of long-term credentials.
Which solution will provide the consultant agency with access that meets these requirements?
A development team is creating an open source toolset to manage a company's SaaS application. The company stores the code in a public repository so that anyone can view and download the toolset's code.
The company discovers that the code contains an IAM access key and secret key that provide access to internal resources in the company's AWS environment.
A security engineer must implement a solution to identify whether unauthorized usage of the exposed credentials has occurred. The solution also must prevent any additional usage of the exposed credentials.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A company uses AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). During an attempt to attach an encrypted Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume to an Amazon EC2 instance, the attachment fails. The company discovers that a customer managed key has become unusable because the key material for the key was deleted. The company needs the data that is on the EBS volume.
A security engineer must recommend a solution to decrypt the EBS volume's encrypted data key. The solution must also attach the volume to the EC2 instance.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
An international company has established a new business entity in South Korea. The company also has established a new AWS account to contain the workload for the South Korean region. The company has set up the workload in the new account in the ap-northeast-2 Region. The workload consists of three Auto Scaling groups of Amazon EC2 instances. All workloads that operate in this Region must keep system logs and application logs for 7 years.
A security engineer must implement a solution to ensure that no logging data is lost for each instance during scaling activities. The solution also must keep the logs for only the required period of 7 years.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A company is testing its incident response plan for compromised credentials. The company runs a database on an Amazon EC2 instance and stores the sensitive data-base credentials as a secret in AWS Secrets Manager. The secret has rotation configured with an AWS Lambda function that uses the generic rotation function template. The EC2 instance and the Lambda function are deployed in the same pri-vate subnet. The VPC has a Secrets Manager VPC endpoint.
A security engineer discovers that the secret cannot rotate. The security engi-neer determines that the VPC endpoint is working as intended. The Amazon Cloud-Watch logs contain the following error:
"setSecret: Unable to log into database".
Which solution will resolve this error?
A company's security team is building a solution for logging and visualization. The solution will assist the company with the large variety and velocity of data that it receives from IAM across multiple accounts. The security team has enabled IAM CloudTrail and VPC Flow Logs in all of its accounts. In addition, the company has an organization in IAM Organizations and has an IAM Security Hub master account.
The security team wants to use Amazon Detective However the security team cannot enable Detective and is unsure why
What must the security team do to enable Detective?
A company has a web-based application that runs behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application is experiencing a credential stuffing attack that is producing many failed login attempts. The attack is coming from many IP addresses. The login attempts are using a user agent string of a known mobile device emulator.
A security engineer needs to implement a solution to mitigate the credential stuffing attack. The solution must still allow legitimate logins to the application.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has an AWS account that includes an Amazon S3 bucket. The S3 bucket uses server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) to encrypt all the objects at rest by using a customer managed key. The S3 bucket does not have a bucket policy.
An IAM role in the same account has an IAM policy that allows s3 List* and s3 Get' permissions for the S3 bucket. When the IAM role attempts to access an object in the S3 bucket the role receives an access denied message.
Why does the IAM rote not have access to the objects that are in the S3 bucket?
A security engineer configures Amazon S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) for all objects that are in an S3 bucket in the us-east-1. Region Some objects in this S3 bucket use server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) for encryption at test. The security engineer creates a destination S3 bucket in the us-west-2 Region. The destination S3 bucket is in the same AWS account as the source S3 bucket.
The security engineer also creates a customer managed key in us-west-2 to encrypt objects at rest in the destination S3 bucket. The replication configuration is set to use the key in us-west-2 to encrypt objects in the destination S3 bucket. The security engineer has provided the S3 replication configuration with an IAM role to perform the replication in Amazon S3.
After a day, the security engineer notices that no encrypted objects from the source S3 bucket are replicated to the destination S3 bucket. However, all the unencrypted objects are replicated.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to remediate this issue? (Select THREE.)
A company has configured a gateway VPC endpoint in a VPC. Only Amazon EC2 instances that reside in a single subnet in the VPC can use the endpoint The company hasmodified the route table for this single subnet to route traffic to Amazon S3 through the gateway VPC endpoint. The VPC provides internet access through an internet gateway.
A security engineer attempts to use instance profile credentials from an EC2 instance to retrieve an object from the S3 bucket, but the attempt fails. The security engineer verifies that the EC2 instance has an 1AM instance profile with the correct permissions to access the S3 bucket and to retrieve objects. The security engineer also verifies that the S3 bucket policy is allowing access properly. Additionally, the security engineer verifies that the EC2 instance's security group and the subnet's network ACLs allow the communication.
What else should the security engineer check to determine why the request from the EC2 instance is failing?
A company purchased a subscription to a third-party cloud security scanning solution that integrates with AWS Security Hub. A security engineer needs to implement a solution that will remediate the findings
from the third-party scanning solution automatically.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A company's developers are using AWS Lambda function URLs to invoke functions directly. The company must ensure that developers cannot configure or deploy unauthenticated functions in production accounts. The company wants to meet this requirement by using AWS Organizations. The solution must not require additional work for the developers.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company used AWS Organizations to set up an environment with multiple AWS accounts. The company's organization currently has two AWS accounts, and the companyexpects to add more than 50 AWS accounts during the next 12 months The company will require all existing and future AWS accounts to use Amazon GuardDuty. Eachexisting AWS account has GuardDuty active. The company reviews GuardDuty findings by logging into each AWS account individually.
The company wants a centralized view of the GuardDuty findings for the existing AWS accounts and any future AWS accounts. The company also must ensure that anynew AWS account has GuardDuty automatically turned on.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A security engineer needs to see up an Amazon CloudFront distribution for an Amazon S3 bucket that hosts a static website. The security engineer must allow only specified IP addresses to access the website. The security engineer also must prevent users from accessing the website directly by using S3 URLs.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is building a data processing application that uses AWS Lambda functions The application's Lambda functions need to communicate with an Amazon RDS OB instance that is deployed within a VPC in the same AWS account
Which solution meets these requirements in the MOST secure way?
An audit determined that a company's Amazon EC2 instance security group violated company policy by allowing unrestricted incoming SSH traffic. A security engineer must implement a near-real-time monitoring and alerting solution that will notify administrators of such violations.
Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?
A company needs to use HTTPS when connecting to its web applications to meet compliance requirements. These web applications run in Amazon VPC on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A security engineer wants to ensure that the load balancer win only accept connections over port 443. even if the ALB is mistakenly configured with an HTTP listener
Which configuration steps should the security engineer take to accomplish this task?
A security engineer recently rotated the host keys for an Amazon EC2 instance. The security engineer is trying to access the EC2 instance by using the EC2 Instance. Connect feature. However, the security engineer receives an error (or failed host key validation. Before the rotation of the host keys EC2 Instance Connect worked correctly with this EC2 instance.
What should the security engineer do to resolve this error?
A company has AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company needs to install a corporate software package on all Amazon EC2 instances for all the accounts in the organization.
A central account provides base AMIs for the EC2 instances. The company uses AWS Systems Manager for software inventory and patching operations.
A security engineer must implement a solution that detects EC2 instances ttjat do not have the required software. The solution also must automatically install the software if the software is not present.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A security engineer is designing an IAM policy for a script that will use the AWS CLI. The script currently assumes an IAM role that is attached to three AWS managed IAM policies: AmazonEC2FullAccess, AmazonDynamoDBFullAccess, and Ama-zonVPCFullAccess.
The security engineer needs to construct a least privilege IAM policy that will replace the AWS managed IAM policies that are attached to this role.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?
A company is processing data on AWS. The data is transmitted by millions of connected devices and is stored in Amazon RDS and Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility). The company uses AWS Backup to back up the data.
The company needs a solution to preserve individual backup recovery points Ail related data and metadata, such as character encodings and datatypes, must remain unchanged and protected from deletion. Retention times for the data will vary from several days to several years.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company runs a cuslom online gaming application. The company uses Amazon Cognito for user authentication and authorization.
A security engineer wants to use AWS to implement fine-grained authorization on resources in the custom application. The security engineer must implement a solution that uses the user attributes that exist in Cognito. The company has already set up a user pool and an identity pool in Cognito.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A security engineer must troubleshoot an administrator's inability to make an existingAmazon S3 bucket public in an account that is part of an organization n IAM Organizations. The administrator switched the role from the master account to a member account and then attempted to make one S3 bucket public. This action was immediately denied
Which actions should the security engineer take to troubleshoot the permissions issue? (Select TWO.)
A security engineer has noticed an unusually high amount of traffic coming from a single IP address. This was discovered by analyzing the Application Load Balancer's access logs.
How can the security engineer limit the number of requests from a specific IP address without blocking the IP address?
A company is implementing a new application in a new IAM account. A VPC and subnets have been created for the application. The application has been peered to an existing VPC in another account in the same IAM Region for database access. Amazon EC2 instances will regularly be created and terminated in the application VPC, but only some of them will need access to the databases in the peered VPC over TCP port 1521. A security engineer must ensure that only the EC2 instances that need access to the databases can access them through the network.
How can the security engineer implement this solution?
A company uses Amazon EC2 instances to host frontend services behind an Application Load Balancer. Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes are attached to the EC2 instances. The company uses Amazon S3 buckets to store large files for images and music.
The company has implemented a security architecture oit>AWS to prevent, identify, and isolate potential ransomware attacks. The company now wants to further reduce risk.
A security engineer must develop a disaster recovery solution that can recover to normal operations if an attacker bypasses preventive and detective controls. The solution must meet an RPO of 1 hour.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has recently recovered from a security incident that required the restoration of Amazon EC2 instances from snapshots. The company uses an AWS Key
Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key to encrypt all Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots.
The company performs a gap analysis of its disaster recovery procedures and backup strategies. A security engineer needs to implement a solution so that the company can recover the EC2 instances if the AWS account is compromised and the EBS snapshots are deleted.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A company runs a cron job on an Amazon EC2 instance on a predefined schedule The cron job calls a bash script that encrypts a 2 KB file. A security engineer creates an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key with a key policy. The key policy and the EC2 instance rote have the necessary configuration for this job.
Which process should the bash script use to encrypt the file?
A company is operating a website using Amazon CloudFornt. CloudFront servers some content from Amazon S3 and other from web servers running EC2 instances behind an Application. Load Balancer (ALB). Amazon DynamoDB is used as the data store. The company already uses IAM Certificate Manager (ACM) to store a public TLS certificate that can optionally secure connections between the website users and CloudFront. The company has a new requirement to enforce end-to-end encryption in transit.
Which combination of steps should the company take to meet this requirement? (Select THREE.)
A company is using IAM Organizations to develop a multi-account secure networking strategy. The company plans to use separate centrally managed accounts for shared services, auditing, and security inspection. The company plans to provide dozens of additional accounts to application owners for production and development environments.
Company security policy requires that all internet traffic be routed through a centrally managed security inspection layer in the security inspection account. A security engineer must recommend a solution that minimizes administrative overhead and complexity.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A company has deployed AWS Control Tower and an organization in AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company needs to implement the AWS Foundational Security Best Practices standard and must centrally log findings for the organization into one account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A developer is receiving AccessDenied errors when the developer invokes API calls to AWS services from a workstation. The developer previously configured environment variables and configuration files on the workstation to use multiple roles with other AWS accounts.
A security engineer needs to help the developer configure authentication. The current credentials must be evaluated without conflicting with other credentials that were previously configured on the workstation.
Where should these credentials be configured to meet this requirement?
A company has an organization in AWS Organizations that includes dedicated accounts for each of its business units. The company is collecting all AWS CloudTrail logs from the accounts in a single Amazon S3bucket in the top-level account. The company's IT governance team has access to the top-level account. A security engineer needs to allow each business unit to access its own CloudTrail logs.
The security engineer creates an IAM role in the top-level account for each of the other accounts. For each role the security engineer creates an IAM policy to allow read-only permissions to objects in the S3 bucket with the prefix of the respective logs.
Which action must the security engineer take in each business unit account to allow an IAM user in that account to read the logs?
A company uses AWS Lambda functions to implement application logic. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage hundreds of AWS accounts.
The company needs to implement a solution to continuously monitor the Lambda functions for vulnerabilities in all accounts. The solution must publish detected issues to a dashboard. Lambda functions that are being tested or are in development must not appear on the dashboard.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A company has a strict policy against using root credentials. The company's security team wants to be alerted as soon as possible when root credentials are used to sign in to the AWS Management Console.
How should the security team achieve this goal?
A company's engineering team is developing a new application that creates IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) CMK grants for users immediately after a grant IS created users must be able to use the CMK tu encrypt a 512-byte payload. During load testing, a bug appears |intermittently where AccessDeniedExceptions are occasionally triggered when a userfirst attempts to encrypt using the CMK
Which solution should the c0mpany‘s security specialist recommend‘?
A company needs to encrypt all of its data stored in Amazon S3. The company wants to use IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) to create and manage its encryption keys. The company's security policies require the ability to Import the company's own key material for the keys, set an expiration date on the keys, and delete keys immediately, if needed.
How should a security engineer set up IAM KMS to meet these requirements?
An international company wants to combine AWS Security Hub findings across all the company's AWS Regions and from multiple accounts. In addition, the company
wants to create a centralized custom dashboard to correlate these findings with operational data for deeper analysis and insights. The company needs an analytics tool to search and visualize Security Hub findings.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)
A security engineer needs to create an IAM Key Management Service Which statement in the KMS key policy will meet these requirements? A) B) C)
A company has launched an Amazon EC2 instance with an Amazon Elastic Block Store(Amazon EBS) volume in the us-east-1 Region The volume is encrypted with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key that the company's security team created The security team has created an 1AM key policy and has assigned the policy to the key The security team has also created an 1AM instance profile and has assigned the profile to the instance
The EC2 instance will not start and transitions from the pending state to the shutting-down state to the terminated state
Which combination of steps should a security engineer take to troubleshoot this issue? (Select TWO )
A company has configured an organization in AWS Organizations for its AWS accounts. AWS CloudTrail is enabled in all AWS Regions. A security engineer must implement a solution to prevent CloudTrail from being disabled. Which solution will meet this requirement?
A company uses an Amazon S3 bucket to store reports Management has mandated that all new objects stored in this bucket must be encrypted at rest using server-side encryption witha client-specified IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) CMK owned by the same account as the S3 bucket. The IAM account number is 111122223333, and the bucket name Is report bucket. The company's security specialist must write the S3 bucket policy to ensure the mandate can be Implemented
Which statement should the security specialist include in the policy?
A company manages multiple IAM accounts using IAM Organizations. The company's security team notices that some member accounts are not sending IAM CloudTrail logs to a centralized Amazon S3 logging bucket. The security team wants to ensure there is at least one trail configured (or all existing accounts and for any account that is created in the future.
Which set of actions should the security team implement to accomplish this?
A company receives a notification from the AWS Abuse team about an AWS account The notification indicates that a resource in the account is compromised The company determines that the compromised resource is an Amazon EC2 instance that hosts a web application The compromised EC2 instance is part of an EC2 Auto Scaling group
The EC2 instance accesses Amazon S3 and Amazon DynamoDB resources by using an 1AM access key and secret key The 1AM access key and secret key are stored inside the AMI that is specified in the Auto Scaling group's launch configuration The company is concerned that the credentials that are stored in the AMI might also have been exposed
The company must implement a solution that remediates the security concerns without causing downtime for the application The solution must comply with security best practices
Which solution will meet these requirements'?
A company runs a cron job on an Amazon EC2 instance on a predefined schedule. The cron job calls a bash script that encrypts a 2 KB file. A security engineer creates an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key with a key policy. The key policy and the EC2 instance role have the necessary configuration for this job.
Which process should the bash script use to encrypt the file?
A company has an encrypted Amazon Aurora DB cluster in the us-east-1 Region. The DB cluster is encrypted with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. To meet compliance requirements, the company needs to copy a DB snapshot to the us-west-1 Region. However, when the company tries to copy the snapshot to us-west-1 the company cannot access the key that was used to encrypt the original database.
What should the company do to set up the snapshot in us-west-1 with proper encryption?
A company is using an Amazon CloudFront distribution to deliver content from two origins. One origin is a dynamic application that is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances. The other origin is an Amazon S3 bucket for static assets.
A security analysis shows that HTTPS responses from the application do not comply with a security requirement to provide an X-Frame-Options HTTP header to prevent frame-related cross-site scripting attacks. A security engineer must ipake the full stack compliant by adding the missing HTTP header to the responses.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Your company has just set up a new central server in a VPC. There is a requirement for other teams who have their servers located in different VPC's in the same region to connect to the central server. Which of the below options is best suited to achieve this requirement.
Please select:
A company is building a data processing application mat uses AWS Lambda functions. The application's Lambda functions need to communicate with an Amazon RDS OB instance that is deployed within a VPC in the same AWS account
Which solution meets these requirements in the MOST secure way?
A company has an application that uses an Amazon RDS PostgreSQL database. The company is developing an application feature that will store sensitive information for an individual in the database.
During a security review of the environment, the company discovers that the RDS DB instance is not encrypting data at rest. The company needs a solution that will provide encryption at rest for all the existing data and for any new data that is entered for an individual.
Which combination of options can the company use to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A company is running its workloads in a single AWS Region and uses AWS Organizations. A security engineer must implement a solution to prevent users from launching resources in other Regions.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company needs to improve its ability to identify and prevent IAM policies that grant public access or cross-account access to resources. The company has implemented AWS Organizations and has started using AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer to refine overly broad access to accounts in the organization.
A security engineer must automate a response in the company's organization for any newly created policies that are overly permissive. The automation must remediate external access and must notify the company's security team.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)
A developer at a company uses an SSH key to access multiple Amazon EC2 instances. The company discovers that the SSH key has been posted on a public GitHub repository. A security engineer verifies that the key has not been used recently.
How should the security engineer prevent unauthorized access to the EC2 instances?
A company stores images for a website in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company is using Amazon CloudFront to serve the images to end users. The company recently discovered that the images are being accessed from countries where the company does not have a distribution license.
Which actions should the company take to secure the images to limit their distribution? (Select TWO.)
A security engineer is investigating a malware infection that has spread across a set of Amazon EC2 instances. A key indicator of the compromise is outbound traffic on TCP port 2905 to a set of command and control hosts on the internet.
The security engineer creates a network ACL rule that denies the identified outbound traffic. The security engineer applies the network ACL rule to the subnet of the EC2 instances. The security engineer must identify any EC2 instances that are trying to communtcate on TCP port 2905.
Which solution will identify the affected EC2 instances with the LEAST operational effort?
A security engineer needs to build a solution to turn IAM CloudTrail back on in multiple IAM Regions in case it is ever turned off.
What is the MOST efficient way to implement this solution?
A company's IAM account consists of approximately 300 IAM users. Now there is a mandate that an access change is required for 100 IAM users to have unlimited privileges to S3.As a system administrator, how can you implement this effectively so that there is no need to apply the policy at the individual user level?
Please select:
A company in France uses Amazon Cognito with the Cognito Hosted Ul as an identity broker for sign-in and sign-up processes. The company is marketing an application and expects that all the application's users will come from France.
When the company launches the application the company's security team observes fraudulent sign-ups for the application. Most of the fraudulent registrations are from users outside of France.
The security team needs a solution to perform custom validation at sign-up Based on the results of the validation the solution must accept or deny the registration request.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts for its human resources, finance, software development, and production departments. All the company's developers are part of the software development AWS account.
The company discovers that developers have launched Amazon EC2 instances that were preconfigured with software that the company has not approved for use. The company wants to implement a solution to ensure that developers can launch EC2 instances with only approved software applications and only in the software development AWS account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A security engineer receives an IAM abuse email message. According to the message, an Amazon EC2 instance that is running in the security engineer's IAM account is sending phishing email messages.
The EC2 instance is part of an application that is deployed in production. The application runs on many EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an AmazonEC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple subnets and multiple Availability Zones.
The instances normally communicate only over the HTTP. HTTPS, and MySQL protocols. Upon investigation, the security engineer discovers that email messages are being sent over port 587. All other traffic is normal.
The security engineer must create a solution that contains the compromised EC2 instance, preserves forensic evidence for analysis, and minimizes application downtime. Which combination of steps must the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)
A company wants to protect its website from man in-the-middle attacks by using Amazon CloudFront. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company is using AWS Organizations with nested OUs to manage AWS accounts. The company has a custom compliance monitoring service for the accounts. The monitoring service runs as an AWS Lambda function and is invoked by Amazon EventBridge Scheduler.
The company needs to deploy the monitoring service in all existing and future accounts in the organization. The company must avoid using the organization's management account when the management account is not required.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is designing a new application stack. The design includes web servers and backend servers that are hosted on Amazon EC2 instances. The design also includes an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster.
The EC2 instances are m an Auto Scaling group that uses launch templates. The EC2 instances for the web layer and the backend layer are backed by Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes. No layers are encrypted at rest. A security engineer needs to implement encryption at rest.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A company needs to implement data lifecycle management for Amazon RDS snapshots. The company will use AWS Backup to manage the snapshots.
The company must retain RDS automated snapshots for 5 years and will use Amazon S3 for long-term archival storage.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is using IAM Secrets Manager to store secrets for its production Amazon RDS database. The Security Officer has asked that secrets be rotated every 3 months. Which solution would allow the company to securely rotate the secrets? (Select TWO.)
A company is hosting a static website on Amazon S3 The company has configured an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve the website contents The company has associated an IAM WAF web ACL with the CloudFront distribution. The web ACL ensures that requests originate from the United States to address compliance restrictions.
THE company is worried that the S3 URL might still be accessible directly and that requests can bypass the CloudFront distribution
Which combination of steps should the company take to remove direct access to the S3 URL? (Select TWO. )
A company that uses AWS Organizations is using AWS 1AM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to administer access to AWS accounts. A security engineer is creating a custom permission set in 1AM Identity Center. The company will use the permission set across multiple accounts. An AWS managed policy and a customer managed policy are attached to the permission set. The security engineer has full administrative permissions and is operating in the management account.
When the security engineer attempts to assign the permission set to an 1AM Identity Center user who has access to multiple accounts, the assignment fails.
What should the security engineer do to resolve this failure?
A security engineer needs to detect malware on Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that are attached to Amazon EC2 instances.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
An organization must establish the ability to delete an IAM KMS Customer Master Key (CMK) within a 24-hour timeframe to keep it from being used for encrypt or decrypt operations Which of tne following actions will address this requirement?
During a manual review of system logs from an Amazon Linux EC2 instance, a Security Engineer noticed that there are sudo commands that were never properly alerted or reported on the Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent
Why were there no alerts on the sudo commands?
A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The company wants to use AWS CloudFormation StackSets in the organization to deploy various AWS design patterns into environments. These patterns consist of Amazon EC2 instances, Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancers, Amazon RDS databases, and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters or Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters.
Currently, the company's developers can create their own CloudFormation stacks to increase the overall speed of delivery. A centralized CI/CD pipeline in a shared services AWS account deploys each CloudFormation stack.
The company's security team has already provided requirements for each service in accordance with internal standards. If there are any resources that do not comply with the internal standards, the security team must receive notification to take appropriate action. The security team must implement a notification solution that gives developers the ability to maintain the same overall delivery speed that they currently have.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?
An AWS account administrator created an IAM group and applied the following managed policy to require that each individual user authenticate using multi-factor authentication:
After implementing the policy, the administrator receives reports that users are unable to perform Amazon EC2 commands using the AWS CLI.
What should the administrator do to resolve this problem while still enforcing multi-factor authentication?
A company’s public Application Load Balancer (ALB) recently experienced a DDoS attack. To mitigate this issue. the company deployed Amazon CloudFront in front of the ALB so that users would not directly access the Amazon EC2 instances behind the ALB.
The company discovers that some traffic is still coming directly into the ALB and is still being handled by the EC2 instances.
Which combination of steps should the company take to ensure that the EC2 instances will receive traffic only from CloudFront? (Choose two.)
A company has developed a new Amazon RDS database application. The company must secure the ROS database credentials for encryption in transit and encryption at rest. The company also must rotate the credentials automatically on a regular basis.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A company's security engineer wants to receive an email alert whenever Amazon GuardDuty, AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer, or Amazon Made generate a high-severity security finding. The company uses AWS Control Tower to govern all of its accounts. The company also uses AWS Security Hub with all of the AWS service integrations turned on.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A security engineer needs to centralize logging from VPC Flow Logs and AWS CloudTrail. The security engineer also needs to query the log data after an incident occurs. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company stores sensitive data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company encrypts the data at rest by using server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3). A security engineer must prevent any modifications to the data in the S3 bucket. Which solution will meet this requirement?
A security engineer is configuring a new website that is named example.com. The security engineer wants to secure communications with the website by requiring users to connect to example.com through HTTPS.
Which of the following is a valid option for storing SSL/TLS certificates?
A security engineer receives a notice from the AWS Abuse team about suspicious activity from a Linux-based Amazon EC2 instance that uses Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS>-based storage The instance is making connections to known malicious addresses
The instance is in a development account within a VPC that is in the us-east-1 Region The VPC contains an internet gateway and has a subnet in us-east-1a and us-easMb Each subnet is associate with a route table that uses the internet gateway as a default route Each subnet also uses the default network ACL The suspicious EC2 instance runs within the us-east-1 b subnet. During an initial investigation a security engineer discovers that the suspicious instance is the only instance that runs in the subnet
Which response will immediately mitigate the attack and help investigate the root cause?
A company needs complete encryption of the traffic between external users and an application. The company hosts the application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).
How can a security engineer meet these requirements?
A company has two VPCs in the same AWS Region and in the same AWS account Each VPC uses a CIDR block that does not overlap with the CIDR block of the other VPC One VPC contains AWS Lambda functions that run inside a subnet that accesses the internet through a NAT gateway. The Lambda functions require access to a publicly accessible Amazon Aurora MySQL database that is running in the other VPC
A security engineer determines that the Aurora database uses a security group rule that allows connections from the NAT gateway IP address that the Lambda functions use. The company's security policy states that no database should be publicly accessible.
What is the MOST secure way that the security engineer can provide the Lambda functions with access to the Aurora database?
A company has a new partnership with a vendor. The vendor will process data from the company's customers. The company will upload data files as objects into an Amazon S3 bucket. The vendor will download the objects to perform data processing. The objects will contain sensi-tive data.
A security engineer must implement a solution that prevents objects from resid-ing in the S3 bucket for longer than 72 hours.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has a set of EC2 Instances hosted in IAM. The EC2 Instances have EBS volumes which is used to store critical information. There is a business continuity requirement to ensure high availability for the EBS volumes. How can you achieve this?
A Network Load Balancer (NLB) target instance is not entering the InService state. A security engineer determines that health checks are failing.
Which factors could cause the health check failures? (Select THREE.)
A company's Security Auditor discovers that users are able to assume roles without using multi-factor authentication (MFA). An example of a current policy being applied to these users is as follows:
The Security Auditor finds that the users who are able to assume roles without MFA are alt coming from the IAM CLI. These users are using long-term IAM credentials. Which changes should a Security Engineer implement to resolve this security issue?(Select TWO.)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
An IT department currently has a Java web application deployed on Apache Tomcat running on Amazon EC2 instances. All traffic to the EC2 instances is sent through an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB) The Security team has noticed during the past two days thousands of unusual read requests coming from hundreds of IP addresses. This is causing the Tomcat server to run out of threads and reject new connections
Which the SIMPLEST change that would address this server issue?
A company deploys a distributed web application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The fleet is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that will be configured to terminate the TLS connection. All TLS traffic to the ALB must stay secure, even if the certificate private key is compromised.
How can a security engineer meet this requirement?
A company is operating an open-source software platform that is internet facing. The legacy software platform no longer receives security updates. The software platform operates using Amazon Route 53 weighted load balancing to send traffic to two Amazon EC2 instances that connect to an Amazon RDS cluster. A recent report suggests this software platform is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks, with samples of attacks provided. The company's security engineer must secure this system against SQL injection attacks within 24 hours. The security engineer's solution must involve the least amount of effort and maintain normal operations during implementation.
What should the security engineer do to meet these requirements?
A company wants to receive automated email notifications when AWS access keys from developer AWS accounts are detected on code repository sites.
Which solution will provide the required email notifications?
A development team is attempting to encrypt and decode a secure string parameter from the IAM Systems Manager Parameter Store using an IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) CMK. However, each attempt results in an error message being sent to the development team.
Which CMK-related problems possibly account for the error? (Select two.)
A Security Engineer is building a Java application that is running on Amazon EC2. The application communicates with an Amazon RDS instance and authenticates with a user name and password.
Which combination of steps can the Engineer take to protect the credentials and minimize downtime when the credentials are rotated? (Choose two.)
A team is using AWS Secrets Manager to store an application database password. Only a limited number of IAM principals within the account can have access to the secret. The principals who require access to the secret change frequently. A security engineer must create a solution that maximizes flexibility and scalability.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company uses Amazon GuardDuty. The company's security engineer needs lo receive an email notification for every GuardDuty finding that is a High severity level. Which solution will meet this requirement?
A company needs a forensic-logging solution for hundreds of applications running in Docker on Amazon EC2 The solution must perform real-time analytics on the togs must support the replay of messages and must persist the logs.
Which IAM services should be used to meet these requirements? (Select TWO)
A company uses an external identity provider to allow federation into different IAM accounts. A security engineer for the company needs to identify the federated user that terminated a production Amazon EC2 instance a week ago.
What is the FASTEST way for the security engineer to identify the federated user?
A company needs to retain tog data archives for several years to be compliant with regulations. The tog data is no longer used but It must be retained
What Is the MOST secure and cost-effective solution to meet these requirements?
A company runs an online game on AWS. When players sign up for the game, their username and password credentials are stored in an Amazon Aurora database.
The number of users has grown to hundreds of thousands of players. The number of requests for password resets and login assistance has become a burden for the company’s customer service team.
The company needs to implement a solution to give players another way to log in to the game. The solution must remove the burden of password resets and login assistance while securely protecting each player's credentials.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company wants to ensure that its IAM resources can be launched only in the us-east-1 and us-west-2 Regions.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that will prevent developers from launching Amazon EC2 instances in other Regions?
Auditors for a health care company have mandated that all data volumes be encrypted at rest Infrastructure is deployed mainly via IAM CloudFormation however third-party frameworks and manual deployment are required on some legacy systems
What is the BEST way to monitor, on a recurring basis, whether all EBS volumes are encrypted?
A company manages three separate IAM accounts for its production, development, and test environments, Each Developer is assigned a unique IAM user under the development account. A new application hosted on an Amazon EC2 instance in the developer account requires read access to the archived documents stored in an Amazon S3 bucket in the production account.
How should access be granted?
A company runs workloads on Amazon EC2 instances in VPCs The EC2 instances make requests to Amazon S3 buckets through VPC endpoints. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts.
The company needs the requests from the EC2 instances to originate from the same VPC that the EC2 instance credentials were issued to.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
Within a VPC, a corporation runs an Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instance. The database instance is connected to the internet through a NAT gateway via two subnets.
Additionally, the organization has application servers that are hosted on Amazon EC2 instances and use the RDS database. These EC2 instances have been deployed onto two more private subnets inside the same VPC. These EC2 instances connect to the internet through a default route via the same NAT gateway. Each VPC subnet has its own route table.
The organization implemented a new security requirement after a recent security examination. Never allow the database instance to connect to the internet. A security engineer must perform this update promptly without interfering with the network traffic of the application servers.
How will the security engineer be able to comply with these requirements?
A company is planning to deploy a new log analysis environment. The company needs to implement a solution to analyze logs from multiple AWS services in near real time. The solution must provide the ability to search the logs. The solution also must send alerts to an existing Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when specific logs match detection rules.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Your CTO is very worried about the security of your IAM account. How best can you prevent hackers from completely hijacking your account?
Please select:
A security team is responsible for reviewing AWS API call activity in the cloud environment for security violations. These events must be recorded and retained in a centralized location for both current and future AWS regions.
What is the SIMPLEST way to meet these requirements?
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage several AWs accounts. The company processes a large volume of sensitive data. The company uses a serverless approach to microservices. The company stores all the data in either Amazon S3 or Amazon DynamoDB. The company reads the data by using either AWS lambda functions or container-based services that the company hosts on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) on AWS Fargate.
The company must implement a solution to encrypt all the data at rest and enforce least privilege data access controls. The company creates an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key.
What should the company do next to meet these requirements?
A company is running a container-based workload on AWS. The workload runs on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster and uses container images from an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository.
The company recently experienced a security incident that involved a container image that included critical vulnerabilities. A CI/CD pipeline that was running outside AWS uploaded the image to the ECR repository and deployed the image to the ECS cluster.
Which solution will prevent images that have vulnerabilities from being pushed to the ECR repository?
A security engineer needs to configure an Amazon S3 bucket policy to restrict access to an S3 bucket that is named DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET. The policy must allow access to only DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET from only the following endpoint vpce-1a2b3c4d. The policy must deny all access to DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET if the specified endpomt is not used.
Which bucket policy statement meets these requirements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A Security Engineer is working with a Product team building a web application on AWS. The application uses Amazon S3 to host the static content, Amazon API
Gateway to provide RESTful services; and Amazon DynamoDB as the backend data store. The users already exist in a directory that is exposed through a SAML identity provider.
Which combination of the following actions should the Engineer take to enable users to be authenticated into the web application and call APIs? (Choose three.)
A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage hundreds of AWS accounts. Some of the accounts provide access to external AWS principals through cross-account IAM roles and Amazon S3 bucket policies.
The company needs to identify which external principals have access to which accounts.
Which solution will provide this information?
A company uses AWS Config rules to identify Amazon S3 buckets that are not compliant with the company's data protection policy. The S3 buckets are hosted in several AWS Regions and several AWS accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations.
The company needs a solution to remediate the organization's existing noncompliant S3 buckets and any noncompliant S3 buckets that are created in the future.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company created an IAM account for its developers to use for testing and learning purposes Because MM account will be shared among multiple teams of developers, the company wants to restrict the ability to stop and terminate Amazon EC2 instances so that a team can perform these actions only on the instances it owns.
Developers were Instructed to tag al their instances with a Team tag key and use the team name in the tag value One of the first teams to use this account is Business Intelligence A security engineer needs to develop a highly scalable solution for providing developers with access to the appropriate resources within the account The security engineer has already created individual IAM roles for each team.
Which additional configuration steps should the security engineer take to complete the task?
TESTED 30 Nov 2025
