AWS Certified Security - Specialty
Last Update Sep 13, 2023
Total Questions : 589
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An application running on Amazon EC2 instances generates log files in a folder on a Linux file system. The instances block access to the console and file transfer utilities, such as Secure Copy Protocol (SCP) and Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). The Application Support team wants to automatically monitor the application log files so the team can set up notifications in the future.
A Security Engineer must design a solution that meets the following requirements:
• Make the log files available through an IAM managed service.
• Allow for automatic monitoring of the logs.
• Provide an Interlace for analyzing logs.
• Minimize effort.
Which approach meets these requirements^
A company has several production IAM accounts and a central security IAM account. The security account is used for centralized monitoring and has IAM privileges to all resources in every corporate account. All of the company's Amazon S3 buckets are tagged with a value denoting the data classification of their contents.
A Security Engineer is deploying a monitoring solution in the security account that will enforce bucket policy compliance. The system must monitor S3 buckets in all production accounts and confirm that any policy change is in accordance with the bucket's data classification. If any change is out of compliance; the Security team must be notified quickly.
Which combination of actions would build the required solution? (Choose three.)
A company is using IAM Organizations to manage multiple IAM accounts. The company has an application that allows users to assume the AppUser IAM role to download files from an Amazon S3 bucket that is encrypted with an IAM KMS CMK However when users try to access the files in the S3 bucket they get an access denied error.
What should a Security Engineer do to troubleshoot this error? (Select THREE )
A company's Security Engineer has been asked to monitor and report all IAM account root user activities.
Which of the following would enable the Security Engineer to monitor and report all root user activities? (Select TWO)
A Solutions Architect is designing a web application that uses Amazon CloudFront, an Elastic Load Balancing Application Load Balancer, and an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances. The load balancer and EC2 instances are in the US West (Oregon) region. It has been decided that encryption in transit is necessary by using a customer-branded domain name from the client to CloudFront and from CloudFront to the load balancer.
Assuming that IAM Certificate Manager is used, how many certificates will need to be generated?
A company hosts its public website on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are in an EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The website is under a DDoS attack by a specific loT device brand that is visible in the user agent A security engineer needs to mitigate the attack without impacting the availability of the public website.
What should the security engineer do to accomplish this?
A company's application runs on Amazon EC2 and stores data in an Amazon S3 bucket The company wants additional security controls in place to limit the likelihood of accidental exposure of data to external parties
Which combination of actions will meet this requirement? (Select THREE.)
A company uses SAML federation with IAM Identity and Access Management (IAM) to provide internal users with SSO for their IAM accounts. The company's identity provider certificate was rotated as part of its normal lifecycle. Shortly after, users started receiving the following error when attempting to log in:
"Error: Response Signature Invalid (Service: IAMSecuntyTokenService; Status Code: 400; Error Code: InvalidldentltyToken)"
A security engineer needs to address the immediate issue and ensure that it will not occur again.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to accomplish this? (Select TWO.)
A Security Engineer manages IAM Organizations for a company. The Engineer would like to restrict IAM usage to allow Amazon S3 only in one of the organizational units (OUs). The Engineer adds the following SCP to the OU:
The next day. API calls to IAM IAM appear in IAM CloudTrail logs In an account under that OU. How should the Security Engineer resolve this issue?
A company has a VPC with an IPv6 address range and a public subnet with an IPv6 address block. The VPC currently hosts some public Amazon EC2 instances but a Security Engineer needs to migrate a second application into the VPC that also requires IPv6 connectivity.
This new application will occasionally make API requests to an external, internet-accessible endpoint to receive updates However, the Security team does not want the application's EC2 instance exposed directly to the internet The Security Engineer intends to create a private subnet with a custom route table and to associate the route table with the private subnet
What else does the Security Engineer need to do to ensure the application will not be exposed directly to the internet, but can still communicate as required''
A company has multiple production IAM accounts. Each account has IAM CloudTrail configured to log to a single Amazon S3 bucket in a central account. Two of the production accounts have trails that are not logging anything to the S3 bucket.
Which steps should be taken to troubleshoot the issue? (Choose three.)
A Security Engineer creates an Amazon S3 bucket policy that denies access to all users. A few days later, the Security Engineer adds an additional statement to the bucket policy to allow read-only access to one other employee Even after updating the policy the employee still receives an access denied message.
What is the likely cause of this access denial?
A Security Engineer has several thousand Amazon EC2 instances split across production and development environments. Each instance is tagged with its environment. The Engineer needs to analyze and patch all the development EC2 instances to ensure they are not currently exposed to any common vulnerabilities or exposures (CVEs)
Which combination of steps is the MOST efficient way for the Engineer to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A company has the software development teams that are creating applications that store sensitive data in Amazon S3 Each team's data must always be separate. The company's security team must design a data encryption strategy for both teams that provides the ability to audit key usage. The solution must also minimize operational overhead
what should me security team recommend?
A company uses multiple IAM accounts managed with IAM Organizations Security engineers have created a standard set of security groups for all these accounts. The security policy requires that these security groups be used for all applications and delegates modification authority to the security team only.
A recent security audit found that the security groups are inconsistency implemented across accounts and that unauthorized changes have been made to the security groups. A security engineer needs to recommend a solution to improve consistency and to prevent unauthorized changes in the individual accounts in the future.
Which solution should the security engineer recommend?
A company has multiple IAM accounts that are part of IAM Organizations. The company's Security team wants to ensure that even those Administrators with full access to the company's IAM accounts are unable to access the company's Amazon S3 buckets
How should this be accomplished?
Unapproved changes were previously made to a company's Amazon S3 bucket. A security engineer configured IAM Config to record configuration changes made to the company's S3 buckets. The engineer discovers there are S3 configuration changes being made, but no Amazon SNS notifications are being sent. The engineer has already checked the configuration of the SNS topic and has confirmed the configuration is valid.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to resolve the issue? (Select TWO.)
Which of the following are valid configurations for using SSL certificates with Amazon CloudFront? (Select THREE )
A developer is creating an IAM Lambda function that requires environment variables to store connection information and logging settings. The developer is required to use an IAM KMS Customer Master Key (CMK> supplied by the information security department in order to adhere to company standards for securing Lambda environment variables.
Which of the following are required for this configuration to work? (Select TWO.)
A security engineer is designing a solution that will provide end-to-end encryption between clients and Docker containers running In Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). This solution will also handle volatile traffic patterns
Which solution would have the MOST scalability and LOWEST latency?
A large government organization is moving to the cloud and has specific encryption requirements. The first workload to move requires that a customer's data be immediately destroyed when the customer makes that request.
Management has asked the security team to provide a solution that will securely store the data, allow only authorized applications to perform encryption and decryption and allow for immediate destruction of the data
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A Security Engineer discovered a vulnerability in an application running on Amazon ECS. The vulnerability allowed attackers to install malicious code. Analysis of the code shows it exfiltrates data on port 5353 in batches at random time intervals.
While the code of the containers is being patched, how can Engineers quickly identify all compromised hosts and stop the egress of data on port 5353?
You have a set of 100 EC2 Instances in an IAM account. You need to ensure that all of these instances are patched and kept to date. All of the instances are in a private subnet. How can you achieve this. Choose 2 answers from the options given below
Please select:
A financial institution has the following security requirements:
As part of standing up a cloud environment, the financial institution is creating a number of Amazon managed databases and Amazon EC2 instances. An Active Directory service exists on-premises that has all the administrator accounts, and these must be able to access the databases and instances.
How would the organization manage its resources in the MOST secure manner? (Choose two.)
A company requires that SSH commands used to access its IAM instance be traceable to the user who executed each command.
How should a Security Engineer accomplish this?
An company is using IAM Secrets Manager to store secrets that are encrypted using a CMK and are stored in the security account 111122223333. One of the company's production accounts. 444455556666, must to retrieve the secret values from the security account 111122223333. A security engineer needs to apply a policy to the secret in the security account based on least privilege access so the production account can retrieve the secret value only.
Which policy should the security engineer apply?
A security engineer must use IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) to design a key management solution for a set of Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that contain sensitive data. The solution needs to ensure that the key material automatically expires in 90 days.
Which solution meets these criteria?
Your team is designing a web application. The users for this web application would need to sign in via an external ID provider such asfacebook or Google. Which of the following IAM service would you use for authentication?
Please select:
A company uses a third-party identity provider and SAML-based SSO for its IAM accounts After the third-party identity provider renewed an expired signing certificate users saw the following message when trying to log in:
A security engineer needs to provide a solution that corrects the error and minimizes operational overhead Which solution meets these requirements?
A company is configuring three Amazon EC2 instances with each instance in a separate Availability Zone. The EC2 instances wilt be used as transparent proxies for outbound internet traffic for ports 80 and 443 so the proxies can block traffic to certain internet destinations as required by the company's security policies. A Security Engineer completed the following:
• Set up the proxy software on the EC2 instances.
• Modified the route tables on the private subnets to use the proxy EC2 instances as the default route.
• Created a security group rule opening inbound port 80 and 443 TCP protocols on the proxy EC2 instance security group.
However, the proxy EC2 instances are not successfully forwarding traffic to the internet.
What should the Security Engineer do to make the proxy EC2 instances route traffic to the internet?
A company is deploying a new web application on IAM. Based on their other web applications, they anticipate being the target of frequent DDoS attacks. Which steps can the company use to protect their application? Select 2 answers from the options given below.
Please select:
A company has several Customer Master Keys (CMK), some of which have imported key material. Each CMK must be
rotated annually.
What two methods can the security team use to rotate each key? Select 2 answers from the options given below
Please select:
A city is implementing an election results reporting website that will use Amazon GoudFront The website runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in an Auto Scaling group. Election results are updated hourly and are stored as .pdf tiles in an Amazon S3 bucket. A Security Engineer needs to ensure that all external access to the website goes through CloudFront.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A user has created a VPC with the public and private subnets using the VPC wizard. The VPC has CIDR 20.0.0.0/16. The public subnet uses CIDR 20.0.1.0/24. The user is planning to host a web server in the public subnet with port 80 and a Database server in the private subnet with port 3306. The user is configuring a security group for the public subnet (WebSecGrp) and the private subnet (DBSecGrp). which of the below mentioned entries is required in the private subnet database security group DBSecGrp?
Please select:
A Devops team is currently looking at the security aspect of their CI/CD pipeline. They are making use of IAM resource? for their infrastructure. They want to ensure that the EC2 Instances don't have any high security vulnerabilities. They want to ensure a complete DevSecOps process. How can this be achieved?
Please select:
An enterprise wants to use a third-party SaaS application. The SaaS application needs to have access to issue several API commands to discover Amazon EC2 resources running within the enterprise's account. The enterprise has internal security policies that require any outside access to their environment must conform to the principles of least privilege and there must be controls in place to ensure that the credentials used by the SaaS vendor cannot be used by any other third party. Which of the following would meet all of these conditions?
Please select:
You are trying to use the IAM Systems Manager run command on a set of Instances. The run command on a set of Instances. What can you do to diagnose the issue? Choose 2 answers from the options given
Please select:
You work as an administrator for a company. The company hosts a number of resources using IAM. There is an incident of a suspicious API activity which occurred 11 days ago. The Security Admin has asked to get the API activity from that point in time. How can this be achieved?
Please select:
Your company is planning on developing an application in IAM. This is a web based application. The application user will use their facebook or google identities for authentication. You want to have the ability to manage user profiles without having to add extra coding to manage this. Which of the below would assist in this.
Please select:
Your developer is using the KMS service and an assigned key in their Java program. They get the below error when
running the code
arn:IAM:iam::113745388712:user/UserB is not authorized to perform: kms:DescribeKey
Which of the following could help resolve the issue?
Please select:
One of the EC2 Instances in your company has been compromised. What steps would you take to ensure that you could apply digital forensics on the Instance. Select 2 answers from the options given below
Please select:
You have a set of application , database and web servers hosted in IAM. The web servers are placed behind an ELB. There are separate security groups for the application, database and web servers. The network security groups have been defined accordingly. There is an issue with the communication between the application and database servers. In order to troubleshoot the issue between just the application and database server, what is the ideal set of MINIMAL steps you would take?
Please select:
You have a requirement to conduct penetration testing on the IAM Cloud for a couple of EC2 Instances. How could you go about doing this? Choose 2 right answers from the options given below.
Please select:
Your company use IAM KMS for management of its customer keys. From time to time, there is a requirement to delete existing keys as part of housekeeping activities. What can be done during the deletion process to verify that the key is no longer being used.
Please select:
An organization has setup multiple IAM users. The organization wants that each IAM user accesses the IAM console only within the organization and not from outside. How can it achieve this?
Please select:
A large organization is planning on IAM to host their resources. They have a number of autonomous departments that wish to use IAM. What could be the strategy to adopt for managing the accounts.
Please select:
Your company is planning on IAM on hosting its IAM resources. There is a company policy which mandates that all security keys are completely managed within the company itself. Which of the following is the correct measure of following this policy?
Please select:
An EC2 Instance hosts a Java based application that access a DynamoDB table. This EC2 Instance is currently serving production based users. Which of the following is a secure way of ensuring that the EC2 Instance access the Dynamo table
Please select:
You need to inspect the running processes on an EC2 Instance that may have a security issue. How can you achieve this in the easiest way possible. Also you need to ensure that the process does not interfere with the continuous running of the instance.
Please select:
Your application currently uses customer keys which are generated via IAM KMS in the US east region. You now want to use the same set of keys from the EU-Central region. How can this be accomplished?
Please select:
DDoS attacks that happen at the application layer commonly target web applications with lower volumes of traffic compared to infrastructure attacks. To mitigate these types of attacks, you should probably want to include a WAF (Web Application Firewall) as part of your infrastructure. To inspect all HTTP requests, WAFs sit in-line with your application traffic. Unfortunately, this creates a scenario where WAFs can become a point of failure or bottleneck. To mitigate this problem, you need the ability to run multiple WAFs on demand during traffic spikes. This type of scaling for WAF is done via a "WAF sandwich." Which of the following statements best describes what a "WAF sandwich" is? Choose the correct answer from the options below
Please select:
A company requires that data stored in IAM be encrypted at rest. Which of the following approaches achieve this requirement? Select 2 answers from the options given below.
Please select:
Your company is planning on using IAM EC2 and ELB for deployment for their web applications. The security policy mandates that all traffic should be encrypted. Which of the following options will ensure that this requirement is met. Choose 2 answers from the options below.
Please select:
Every application in a company's portfolio has a separate IAM account for development and production. The security team wants to prevent the root user and all IAM users in the production accounts from accessing a specific set of unneeded services. How can they control this functionality?
Please select:
A company stores critical data in an S3 bucket. There is a requirement to ensure that an extra level of security is added to the S3 bucket. In addition , it should be ensured that objects are available in a secondary region if the primary one goes down. Which of the following can help fulfil these requirements? Choose 2 answers from the options given below
Please select:
A company has a set of EC2 instances hosted in IAM. These instances have EBS volumes for storing critical information. There is a business continuity requirement and in order to boost the agility of the business and to ensure data durability which of the following options are not required.
Please select:
A company has resources hosted in their IAM Account. There is a requirement to monitor all API activity for all regions. The audit needs to be applied for future regions as well. Which of the following can be used to fulfil this requirement.
Please select:
You need to ensure that the cloudtrail logs which are being delivered in your IAM account is encrypted. How can this be achieved in the easiest way possible?
Please select:
A company continually generates sensitive records that it stores in an S3 bucket. All objects in the bucket are encrypted using SSE-KMS using one of the company's CMKs. Company compliance policies require that no more than one month of data be encrypted using the same encryption key. What solution below will meet the company's requirements?
Please select:
You are building a large-scale confidential documentation web server on IAMand all of the documentation for it will be stored on S3. One of the requirements is that it cannot be publicly accessible from S3 directly, and you will need to use Cloud Front to accomplish this. Which of the methods listed below would satisfy the requirements as outlined? Choose an answer from the options below
Please select:
A company hosts data in S3. There is a requirement to control access to the S3 buckets. Which are the 2 ways in which this can be achieved?
Please select:
A user has enabled versioning on an S3 bucket. The user is using server side encryption for data at Rest. If the user is supplying his own keys for encryption SSE-C, which of the below mentioned statements is true?
Please select:
You have private video content in S3 that you want to serve to subscribed users on the Internet. User IDs, credentials, and subscriptions are stored in an Amazon RDS database. Which configuration will allow you to securely serve private content to your users?
Please select:
An application running on EC2 instances processes sensitive information stored on Amazon S3. The information is accessed over the Internet. The security team is concerned that the Internet connectivity to Amazon S3 is a security risk. Which solution will resolve the security concern?
Please select:
Your company has created a set of keys using the IAM KMS service. They need to ensure that each key is only used for certain services. For example , they want one key to be used only for the S3 service. How can this be achieved?
Please select:
Which of the following is the correct sequence of how KMS manages the keys when used along with the Redshift cluster service
Please select:
Your company has an EC2 Instance hosted in IAM. This EC2 Instance hosts an application. Currently this application is experiencing a number of issues. You need to inspect the network packets to see what the type of error that is occurring? Which one of the below steps can help address this issue?
Please select:
You have been given a new brief from your supervisor for a client who needs a web application set up on IAM. The a most important requirement is that MySQL must be used as the database, and this database must not be hosted in t« public cloud, but rather at the client's data center due to security risks. Which of the following solutions would be the ^ best to assure that the client's requirements are met? Choose the correct answer from the options below
Please select:
A customer has an instance hosted in the IAM Public Cloud. The VPC and subnet used to host the Instance have been created with the default settings for the Network Access Control Lists. They need to provide an IT Administrator secure access to the underlying instance. How can this be accomplished.
Please select:
Your company looks at the gaming domain and hosts several Ec2 Instances as game servers. The servers each experience user loads in the thousands. There is a concern of DDos attacks on the EC2 Instances which could cause a huge revenue loss to the company. Which of the following can help mitigate this security concern and also ensure minimum downtime for the servers.
Please select:
Your company manages thousands of EC2 Instances. There is a mandate to ensure that all servers don't have any critical security flIAM. Which of the following can be done to ensure this? Choose 2 answers from the options given below.
Please select:
Development teams in your organization use S3 buckets to store the log files for various applications hosted ir development environments in IAM. The developers want to keep the logs for one month for troubleshooting purposes, and then purge the logs. What feature will enable this requirement?
Please select:
You have a requirement to serve up private content using the keys available with Cloudfront. How can this be achieved?
Please select:
A Web Administrator for the website example.com has created an Amazon CloudFront distribution for dev.example.com, with a requirement to configure HTTPS using a custom TLS certificate imported to IAM Certificate Manager.
Which combination of steps is required to ensure availability of the certificate in the CloudFront console? (Choose two.)
A company had one of its Amazon EC2 key pairs compromised. A Security Engineer must identify which current Linux EC2 instances were deployed and used the compromised key pair.
How can this task be accomplished?
A company has hundreds of IAM accounts, and a centralized Amazon S3 bucket used to collect IAM CloudTrail for all of these accounts. A security engineer wants to create a solution that will enable the company to run ad hoc queues against its CloudTrail logs dating back 3 years from when the trails were first enabled in the company’s IAM account.
How should the company accomplish this with the least amount of administrative overhead?
A website currently runs on Amazon EC2 with mostly static content on the site. Recently, the site was subjected to a DDoS attack, and a Security Engineer was tasked with redesigning the edge security to help mitigate this risk in the future
What are some ways the Engineer could achieve this? (Select THREE )
A company wants to encrypt the private network between its orvpremises environment and IAM. The company also wants a consistent network experience for its employees.
What should the company do to meet these requirements?
A security engineer is asked to update an AW3 CoudTrail log file prefix for an existing trail. When attempting to save the change in the CloudTrail console, the security engineer receives the following error message. "There is a problem with the bucket policy''
What will enable the security engineer to saw the change?
A security engineer is responsible for providing secure access to IAM resources for thousands of developer in a company’s corporate identity provider (idp). The developers access a set of IAM services from the corporate premises using IAM credential. Due to the velum of require for provisioning new IAM users, it is taking a long time to grant access permissions. The security engineer receives reports that developer are sharing their IAM credentials with others to avoid provisioning delays. The causes concern about overall security for the security engineer.
Which actions will meet the program requirements that address security?
A Security Engineer is troubleshooting a connectivity issue between a web server that is writing log files to the logging server in another VPC. The Engineer has confirmed that a peering relationship exists between the two VPCs. VPC flow logs show that requests sent from the web server are accepted by the togging server but the web server never receives a reply
Which of the following actions could fix this issue1?
A company has recently recovered from a security incident that required the restoration of Amazon EC2 instances from snapshots.
After performing a gap analysis of its disaster recovery procedures and backup strategies, the company is concerned that, next time, it will not be able to recover the EC2 instances if the IAM account was compromised and Amazon EBS snapshots were deleted.
All EBS snapshots are encrypted using an IAM KMS CMK.
Which solution would solve this problem?
A global company that deals with International finance is investing heavily in cryptocurrencies and wants to experiment with mining technologies using IAM. The company's security team has enabled Amazon GuardDuty and is concerned by the number of findings being generated by the accounts. The security team wants to minimize the possibility of GuardDuty finding false negatives for compromised instances that are performing mining
How can the security team continue using GuardDuty while meeting these requirements?
Authorized Administrators are unable to connect to an Amazon EC2 Linux bastion host using SSH over the internet. The connection either fails to respond or generates the following error message:
Network error: Connection timed out.
What could be responsible for the connection failure? (Select THREE )
A Security Engineer noticed an anomaly within a company EC2 instance as shown in the image. The Engineer must now investigate what e causing the anomaly. What are the MOST effective steps to take lo ensure that the instance is not further manipulated while allowing the Engineer to understand what happened?
While securing the connection between a company's VPC and its on-premises data center, a Security Engineer sent a ping command from an on-premises host (IP address 203.0.113.12) to an Amazon EC2 instance (IP address 172.31.16.139). The ping command did not return a response. The flow log in the VPC showed the following:
2 123456789010 eni-1235b8ca 203.0.113.12 172.31.16.139 0 0 1 4 336 1432917027 1432917142 ACCEPT OK
2 123456789010 eni-1235b8ca 172.31.16.139 203.0.113.12 0 0 1 4 336 1432917094 1432917142 REJECT OK
What action should be performed to allow the ping to work?
A company's architecture requires that its three Amazon EC2 instances run behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The EC2 instances transmit sensitive data between each other Developers use SSL certificates to encrypt the traffic between the public users and the ALB However the Developers are unsure of how to encrypt the data in transit between the ALB and the EC2 instances and the traffic between the EC2 instances
Which combination of activities must the company implement to meet its encryption requirements'? (Select TWO )
After a recent security audit involving Amazon S3, a company has asked assistance reviewing its S3 buckets to determine whether data is properly secured. The first S3 bucket on the list has the following bucket policy.
Is this bucket policy sufficient to ensure that the data is not publicity accessible?
An Amazon S3 bucket is encrypted using an IAM KMS CMK. An IAM user is unable to download objects from the S3 bucket using the IAM Management Console; however, other users can download objects from the S3 bucket.
Which policies should the Security Engineer review and modify to resolve this issue? (Select three.)
The Security Engineer is given the following requirements for an application that is running on Amazon EC2 and managed by using IAM CloudFormation templates with EC2 Auto Scaling groups:
-Have the EC2 instances bootstrapped to connect to a backend database.
-Ensure that the database credentials are handled securely.
-Ensure that retrievals of database credentials are logged.
Which of the following is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements?
A company uses IAM Organization to manage 50 IAM accounts. The finance staff members log in as IAM IAM users in the FinanceDept IAM account. The staff members need to read the consolidated billing information in the MasterPayer IAM account. They should not be able to view any other resources in the MasterPayer IAM account. IAM access to billing has been enabled in the MasterPayer account.
Which of the following approaches grants the finance staff the permissions they require without granting any unnecessary permissions?
You have just recently set up a web and database tier in a VPC and hosted the application. When testing the app , you are not able to reach the home page for the app. You have verified the security groups. What can help you diagnose the issue.
Please select:
A company plans to move most of its IT infrastructure to IAM. The company wants to leverage its existing on-premises Active Directory as an identity provider for IAM.
Which steps should be taken to authenticate to IAM services using the company's on-premises Active Directory? (Choose three).
A company wants to have a secure way of generating, storing and managing cryptographic exclusive access for the keys. Which of the following can be used for this purpose?
Please select:
You have a vendor that needs access to an IAM resource. You create an IAM user account. You want to restrict access to the resource using a policy for just that user over a brief period. Which of the following would be an ideal policy to use?
Please select:
A Lambda function reads metadata from an S3 object and stores the metadata in a DynamoDB table. The function is
triggered whenever an object is stored within the S3 bucket.
How should the Lambda function be given access to the DynamoDB table?
Please select:
During a recent security audit, it was discovered that multiple teams in a large organization have placed restricted data in multiple Amazon S3 buckets, and the data may have been exposed. The auditor has requested that the organization identify all possible objects that contain personally identifiable information (PII) and then determine whether this information has been accessed.
What solution will allow the Security team to complete this request?
A company has Windows Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC that are joined to on-premises Active Directory servers for domain services. The security team has enabled Amazon GuardDuty on the IAM account to alert on issues with the instances.
During a weekly audit of network traffic, the Security Engineer notices that one of the EC2 instances is attempting to communicate with a known command-and-control server but failing. This alert does not show up in GuardDuty.
Why did GuardDuty fail to alert to this behavior?
The Security Engineer is managing a web application that processes highly sensitive personal information. The application runs on Amazon EC2. The application has strict compliance requirements, which instruct that all incoming traffic to the application is protected from common web exploits and that all outgoing traffic from the EC2 instances is restricted to specific whitelisted URLs.
Which architecture should the Security Engineer use to meet these requirements?
A Security Engineer must design a solution that enables the Incident Response team to audit for changes to a user’s IAM permissions in the case of a security incident.
How can this be accomplished?
An application has been written that publishes custom metrics to Amazon CloudWatch. Recently, IAM changes have been made on the account and the metrics are no longer being reported.
Which of the following is the LEAST permissive solution that will allow the metrics to be delivered?
A threat assessment has identified a risk whereby an internal employee could exfiltrate sensitive data from production host running inside IAM (Account 1). The threat was documented as follows:
Threat description: A malicious actor could upload sensitive data from Server X by configuring credentials for an IAM account (Account 2) they control and uploading data to an Amazon S3 bucket within their control.
Server X has outbound internet access configured via a proxy server. Legitimate access to S3 is required so that the application can upload encrypted files to an S3 bucket. Server X is currently using an IAM instance role. The proxy server is not able to inspect any of the server communication due to TLS encryption.
Which of the following options will mitigate the threat? (Choose two.)
A Developer’s laptop was stolen. The laptop was not encrypted, and it contained the SSH key used to access multiple Amazon EC2 instances. A Security Engineer has verified that the key has not been used, and has blocked port 22 to all EC2 instances while developing a response plan.
How can the Security Engineer further protect currently running instances?
A Security Engineer has created an Amazon CloudWatch event that invokes an IAM Lambda function daily. The Lambda function runs an Amazon Athena query that checks IAM CloudTrail logs in Amazon S3 to detect whether any IAM user accounts or credentials have been created in the past 30 days. The results of the Athena query are created in the same S3 bucket. The Engineer runs a test execution of the Lambda function via the IAM Console, and the function runs successfully.
After several minutes, the Engineer finds that his Athena query has failed with the error message: “Insufficient Permissions”. The IAM permissions of the Security Engineer and the Lambda function are shown below:
Security Engineer
Lambda function execution role
What is causing the error?
A company will store sensitive documents in three Amazon S3 buckets based on a data classification scheme of “Sensitive,” “Confidential,” and “Restricted.” The security solution must meet all of the following requirements:
Which of the following meets these requirements?
A company has five IAM accounts and wants to use IAM CloudTrail to log API calls. The log files must be stored in an Amazon S3 bucket that resides in a new account specifically built for centralized services with a unique top-level prefix for each trail. The configuration must also enable detection of any modification to the logs.
Which of the following steps will implement these requirements? (Choose three.)
The Security Engineer implemented a new vault lock policy for 10TB of data and called initiate-vault-lock 12 hours ago. The Audit team identified a typo that is allowing incorrect access to the vault.
What is the MOST cost-effective way to correct this?
A security alert has been raised for an Amazon EC2 instance in a customer account that is exhibiting strange behavior. The Security Engineer must first isolate the EC2 instance and then use tools for further investigation.
What should the Security Engineer use to isolate and research this event? (Choose three.)
Which of the following is used as a secure way to log into an EC2 Linux Instance?
Please select:
A pharmaceutical company has digitized versions of historical prescriptions stored on premises. The company would like to move these prescriptions to IAM and perform analytics on the data in them. Any operation with this data requires that the data be encrypted in transit and at rest.
Which application flow would meet the data protection requirements on IAM?
Which of the following is not a best practice for carrying out a security audit?
Please select:
An Amazon EC2 instance is part of an EC2 Auto Scaling group that is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). It is suspected that the EC2 instance has been compromised.
Which steps should be taken to investigate the suspected compromise? (Choose three.)
For compliance reasons, an organization limits the use of resources to three specific IAM regions. It wants to be alerted when any resources are launched in unapproved regions.
Which of the following approaches will provide alerts on any resources launched in an unapproved region?
During a security event, it is discovered that some Amazon EC2 instances have not been sending Amazon CloudWatch logs.
Which steps can the Security Engineer take to troubleshoot this issue? (Select two.)
An organization receives an alert that indicates that an EC2 instance behind an ELB Classic Load Balancer has been compromised.
What techniques will limit lateral movement and allow evidence gathering?
The IAM Systems Manager Parameter Store is being used to store database passwords used by an IAM Lambda function. Because this is sensitive data, the parameters are stored as type SecureString and protected by an IAM KMS key that allows access through IAM. When the function executes, this parameter cannot be retrieved as the result of an access denied error.
Which of the following actions will resolve the access denied error?
A Developer who is following IAM best practices for secure code development requires an application to encrypt sensitive data to be stored at rest, locally in the application, using IAM KMS. What is the simplest and MOST secure way to decrypt this data when required?
What are the MOST secure ways to protect the IAM account root user of a recently opened IAM account? (Choose two.)
Which approach will generate automated security alerts should too many unauthorized IAM API requests be identified?
You want to get a list of vulnerabilities for an EC2 Instance as per the guidelines set by the Center of Internet Security. How can you go about doing this?
Please select:
You have just received an email from IAM Support stating that your IAM account might have been compromised. Which of the following steps would you look to carry out immediately. Choose 3 answers from the options below.
Please select:
A company maintains sensitive data in an Amazon S3 bucket that must be protected using an IAM KMS CMK. The company requires that keys be rotated automatically every year.
How should the bucket be configured?
A Security Engineer is trying to determine whether the encryption keys used in an IAM service are in compliance with certain regulatory standards.
Which of the following actions should the Engineer perform to get further guidance?
You have an S3 bucket hosted in IAM. This is used to host promotional videos uploaded by yourself. You need to provide access to users for a limited duration of time. How can this be achieved?
Please select:
A company has enabled Amazon GuardDuty in all Regions as part of its security monitoring strategy. In one of the VPCs, the company hosts an Amazon EC2 instance working as an FTP server that is contacted by a high number of clients from multiple locations. This is identified by GuardDuty as a brute force attack due to the high number of connections that happen every hour.
The finding has been flagged as a false positive. However, GuardDuty keeps raising the issue. A Security Engineer has been asked to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The Engineer needs to ensure that changes do not compromise the visibility of potential anomalous behavior.
How can the Security Engineer address the issue?
A Systems Engineer has been tasked with configuring outbound mail through Simple Email Service (SES) and requires compliance with current TLS standards.
The mail application should be configured to connect to which of the following endpoints and corresponding ports?
An Amazon EC2 instance is denied access to a newly created IAM KMS CMK used for decrypt actions. The environment has the following configuration:
What is causing the issue?
A Software Engineer wrote a customized reporting service that will run on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The company security policy states that application logs for the reporting service must be centrally collected.
What is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements?
A company runs an application on IAM that needs to be accessed only by employees. Most employees work from the office, but others work remotely or travel.
How can the Security Engineer protect this workload so that only employees can access it?
During a recent internal investigation, it was discovered that all API logging was disabled in a production account, and the root user had created new API keys that appear to have been used several times.
What could have been done to detect and automatically remediate the incident?
A company uses identity federation to authenticate users into an identity account (987654321987) where the users assume an IAM role named IdentityRole. The users then assume an IAM role named JobFunctionRole in the target IAM account (123456789123) to perform their job functions.
A user is unable to assume the IAM role in the target account. The policy attached to the role in the identity account is:
What should be done to enable the user to assume the appropriate role in the target account?
An organization has three applications running on IAM, each accessing the same data on Amazon S3. The data on Amazon S3 is server-side encrypted by using an IAM KMS Customer Master Key (CMK).
What is the recommended method to ensure that each application has its own programmatic access control permissions on the KMS CMK?
Which of the following bucket policies will ensure that objects being uploaded to a bucket called 'demo' are encrypted.
Please select:
A.
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A company's security engineer wants to receive an email alert whenever Amazon GuardDuty, AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer, or Amazon Made generate a high-severity security finding. The company uses AWS Control Tower to govern all of its accounts. The company also uses AWS Security Hub with all of the AWS service integrations turned on.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. The company needs to allow an IAM user to use a role to access resources that are in another organization's AWS account.
Which combination of steps must the company perform to meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)
A company wants to establish separate IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) keys to use for different IAM services. The company's security engineer created the following key policy lo allow the infrastructure deployment team to create encrypted Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes by assuming the InfrastructureDeployment IAM role:
The security engineer recently discovered that IAM roles other than the InfrastructureDeployment role used this key (or other services. Which change to the policy should the security engineer make to resolve these issues?
A security engineer must troubleshoot an administrator's inability to make an existing Amazon S3 bucket public in an account that is part of an organization n IAM Organizations. The administrator switched the role from the master account to a member account and then attempted to make one S3 bucket public. This action was immediately denied
Which actions should the security engineer take to troubleshoot the permissions issue? (Select TWO.)
A large corporation is creating a multi-account strategy and needs to determine how its employees should access the IAM infrastructure.
Which of the following solutions would provide the MOST scalable solution?
A company stores images for a website in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company is using Amazon CloudFront to serve the images to end users. The company recently discovered that the images are being accessed from countries where the company does not have a distribution license.
Which actions should the company take to secure the images to limit their distribution? (Select TWO.)
A company hosts an application on Amazon EC2 that is subject to specific rules for regulatory compliance. One rule states that traffic to and from the workload must be inspected for network-level attacks. This involves inspecting the whole packet.
To comply with this regulatory rule, a security engineer must install intrusion detection software on a c5n.4xlarge EC2 instance. The engineer must then configure the software to monitor traffic to and from the application instances.
What should the security engineer do next?
Your development team is using access keys to develop an application that has access to S3 and DynamoDB. A new security policy has outlined that the credentials should not be older than 2 months, and should be rotated. How can you achieve this?
Please select:
A security engineer configures Amazon S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) for all objects that are in an S3 bucket in the us-east-1. Region Some objects in this S3 bucket use server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) for encryption at test. The security engineer creates a destination S3 bucket in the us-west-2 Region. The destination S3 bucket is in the same AWS account as the source S3 bucket.
The security engineer also creates a customer managed key in us-west-2 to encrypt objects at rest in the destination S3 bucket. The replication configuration is set to use the key in us-west-2 to encrypt objects in the destination S3 bucket. The security engineer has provided the S3 replication configuration with an IAM role to perform the replication in Amazon S3.
After a day, the security engineer notices that no encrypted objects from the source S3 bucket are replicated to the destination S3 bucket. However, all the unencrypted objects are replicated.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to remediate this issue? (Select THREE.)
A developer at a company uses an SSH key to access multiple Amazon EC2 instances. The company discovers that the SSH key has been posted on a public GitHub repository. A security engineer verifies that the key has not been used recently.
How should the security engineer prevent unauthorized access to the EC2 instances?
A development team is attempting to encrypt and decode a secure string parameter from the IAM Systems Manager Parameter Store using an IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) CMK. However, each attempt results in an error message being sent to the development team.
Which CMK-related problems possibly account for the error? (Select two.)
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage a small number of AWS accounts. However, the company plans to add 1 000 more accounts soon. The company allows only a centralized security team to create IAM roles for all AWS accounts and teams. Application teams submit requests for IAM roles to the security team. The security team has a backlog of IAM role requests and cannot review and provision the IAM roles quickly.
The security team must create a process that will allow application teams to provision their own IAM roles. The process must also limit the scope of IAM roles and prevent privilege escalation.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
An IT department currently has a Java web application deployed on Apache Tomcat running on Amazon EC2 instances. All traffic to the EC2 instances is sent through an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB) The Security team has noticed during the past two days thousands of unusual read requests coming from hundreds of IP addresses. This is causing the Tomcat server to run out of threads and reject new connections
Which the SIMPLEST change that would address this server issue?
A security team is using Amazon EC2 Image Builder to build a hardened AMI with forensic capabilities. An AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key will encrypt the forensic AMI EC2 Image Builder successfully installs the required patches and packages in the security team's AWS account. The security team uses a federated IAM role m the same AWS account to sign in to the AWS Management Console and attempts to launch the forensic AMI. The EC2 instance launches and immediately terminates.
What should the security learn do lo launch the EC2 instance successfully
A company's security engineer has been tasked with restricting a contractor's IAM account access to the company's Amazon EC2 console without providing access to any other IAM services The contractors IAM account must not be able to gain access to any other IAM service, even it the IAM account rs assigned additional permissions based on IAM group membership
What should the security engineer do to meet these requirements''
Your CTO thinks your IAM account was hacked. What is the only way to know for certain if there was unauthorized access and what they did, assuming your hackers are very sophisticated IAM engineers and doing everything they can to cover their tracks?
Please select:
A security administrator is setting up a new AWS account. The security administrator wants to secure the data that a company stores in an Amazon S3 bucket. The security administrator also wants to reduce the chance of unintended data exposure and the potential for misconfiguration of objects that are in the S3 bucket.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A security engineer needs to create an Amazon S3 bucket policy to grant least privilege read access to IAM user accounts that are named User=1, User2. and User3. These IAM user accounts are members of the AuthorizedPeople IAM group. The security engineer drafts the following S3 bucket policy:
When the security engineer tries to add the policy to the S3 bucket, the following error message appears: "Missing required field Principal." The security engineer is adding a Principal element to the policy. The addition must provide read access to only User1. User2, and User3. Which solution meets these requirements?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A company wants to protect its website from man in-the-middle attacks by using Amazon CloudFront. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company is attempting to conduct forensic analysis on an Amazon EC2 instance, but the company is unable to connect to the instance by using AWS Systems Manager Session Manager. The company has installed AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent) on the EC2 instance.
The EC2 instance is in a subnet in a VPC that does not have an internet gateway attached. The company has associated a security group with the EC2 instance. The security group does not have inbound or outbound rules. The subnet's network ACL allows all inbound and outbound traffic.
Which combination of actions will allow the company to conduct forensic analysis on the EC2 instance without compromising forensic data? (Select THREE.)
A company's Security Auditor discovers that users are able to assume roles without using multi-factor authentication (MFA). An example of a current policy being applied to these users is as follows:
The Security Auditor finds that the users who are able to assume roles without MFA are alt coming from the IAM CLI. These users are using long-term IAM credentials. Which changes should a Security Engineer implement to resolve this security issue? (Select TWO.)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A company's Security Team received an email notification from the Amazon EC2 Abuse team that one or more of the company's Amazon EC2 instances may have been compromised
Which combination of actions should the Security team take to respond to (be current modem? (Select TWO.)
A company has an organization in AWS Organizations that includes dedicated accounts for each of its business units. The company is collecting all AWS CloudTrail logs from the accounts in a single Amazon S3 bucket in the top-level account. The company's IT governance team has access to the top-level account. A security engineer needs to allow each business unit to access its own CloudTrail logs.
The security engineer creates an IAM role in the top-level account for each of the other accounts. For each role the security engineer creates an IAM policy to allow read-only permissions to objects in the S3 bucket with the prefix of the respective logs.
Which action must the security engineer take in each business unit account to allow an IAM user in that account to read the logs?
A company is undergoing a layer 3 and layer 4 DDoS attack on its web servers running on IAM.
Which combination of IAM services and features will provide protection in this scenario? (Select THREE).
Your company has just set up a new central server in a VPC. There is a requirement for other teams who have their servers located in different VPC's in the same region to connect to the central server. Which of the below options is best suited to achieve this requirement.
Please select:
A company in France uses Amazon Cognito with the Cognito Hosted Ul as an identity broker for sign-in and sign-up processes. The company is marketing an application and expects that all the application's users will come from France.
When the company launches the application the company's security team observes fraudulent sign-ups for the application. Most of the fraudulent registrations are from users outside of France.
The security team needs a solution to perform custom validation at sign-up Based on the results of the validation the solution must accept or deny the registration request.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A Security Engineer receives alerts that an Amazon EC2 instance on a public subnet is under an SFTP brute force attack from a specific IP address, which is a known malicious bot. What should the Security Engineer do to block the malicious bot?
A developer has created an AWS Lambda function in a company's development account. The Lambda function requires the use of an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key that exists in a security account that the company's security team controls. The developer obtains the ARN of the KMS key from a previous Lambda function in the development account. The previous Lambda function had been working properly with the KMS key.
When the developer uses the ARN and tests the new Lambda function an error message states that access is denied to the KMS key in the security account. The developer tests the previous Lambda function that uses the same KMS key and discovers that the previous Lambda function still can encrypt data as expected.
A security engineer must resolve the problem so that the new Lambda function in the development account can use the KMS key from the security account.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A System Administrator is unable to start an Amazon EC2 instance in the eu-west-1 Region using an IAM role The same System Administrator is able to start an EC2 instance in the eu-west-2 and eu-west-3 Regions. The IAMSystemAdministrator access policy attached to the System Administrator IAM role allows unconditional access to all IAM services and resources within the account
Which configuration caused this issue?
A) An SCP is attached to the account with the following permission statement:
B)
A permission boundary policy is attached to the System Administrator role with the following permission statement:
C)
A permission boundary is attached to the System Administrator role with the following permission statement:
D)
An SCP is attached to the account with the following statement:
A company wants to monitor the deletion of customer managed CMKs A security engineer must create an alarm that will notify the company before a CMK is deleted The security engineer has configured the integration of IAM CloudTrail with Amazon CloudWatch
What should the security engineer do next to meet this requirement?
A company has two VPCs in the same AWS Region and in the same AWS account Each VPC uses a CIDR block that does not overlap with the CIDR block of the other VPC One VPC contains AWS Lambda functions that run inside a subnet that accesses the internet through a NAT gateway. The Lambda functions require access to a publicly accessible Amazon Aurora MySQL database that is running in the other VPC
A security engineer determines that the Aurora database uses a security group rule that allows connections from the NAT gateway IP address that the Lambda functions use. The company's security policy states that no database should be publicly accessible.
What is the MOST secure way that the security engineer can provide the Lambda functions with access to the Aurora database?
Example.com is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Third-party host intrusion detection system (HIDS) agents that capture the traffic of the EC2 instance are running on each host. The company must ensure they are using privacy enhancing technologies for users, without losing the assurance the third-party solution offers.
What is the MOST secure way to meet these requirements?
A company needs to use HTTPS when connecting to its web applications to meet compliance requirements. These web applications run in Amazon VPC on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A security engineer wants to ensure that the load balancer win only accept connections over port 443. even if the ALB is mistakenly configured with an HTTP listener
Which configuration steps should the security engineer take to accomplish this task?
An Incident Response team is investigating an IAM access key leak that resulted in Amazon EC2 instances being launched. The company did not discover the incident until many months later The Director of Information Security wants to implement new controls that will alert when similar incidents happen in the future
Which controls should the company implement to achieve this? {Select TWO.)
A company deploys a distributed web application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The fleet is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that will be configured to terminate the TLS connection. All TLS traffic to the ALB must stay secure, even if the certificate private key is compromised.
How can a security engineer meet this requirement?
A company became aware that one of its access keys was exposed on a code sharing website 11 days ago. A Security Engineer must review all use of the exposed access keys to determine the extent of the exposure. The company enabled IAM CloudTrail m an regions when it opened the account
Which of the following will allow (he Security Engineer 10 complete the task?
A company is using IAM Secrets Manager to store secrets for its production Amazon RDS database. The Security Officer has asked that secrets be rotated every 3 months. Which solution would allow the company to securely rotate the secrets? (Select TWO.)
A company manages multiple IAM accounts using IAM Organizations. The company's security team notices that some member accounts are not sending IAM CloudTrail logs to a centralized Amazon S3 logging bucket. The security team wants to ensure there is at least one trail configured (or all existing accounts and for any account that is created in the future.
Which set of actions should the security team implement to accomplish this?
A recent security audit found that IAM CloudTrail logs are insufficiently protected from tampering and unauthorized access Which actions must the Security Engineer take to address these audit findings? (Select THREE )
A developer signed in to a new account within an IAM Organization organizational unit (OU) containing multiple accounts. Access to the Amazon $3 service is restricted with the following SCP.
How can the security engineer provide the developer with Amazon $3 access without affecting other account?
A security engineer creates an Amazon S3 bucket policy that denies access to all users. A few days later, the security engineer adds an additional statement to the bucket policy to allow read-only access to one other employee. Even after updating the policy, the employee still receives an access denied message.
What is the likely cause of this access denial?
A security engineer is working with a company to design an ecommerce application. The application will run on Amazon EC2 instances that run in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application will use an Amazon RDS DB instance for its database.
The only required connectivity from the internet is for HTTP and HTTPS traffic to the application. The application must communicate with an external payment provider that allows traffic only from a preconfigured allow list of IP addresses. The company must ensure that communications with the external payment provider are not interrupted as the environment scales.
Which combination of actions should the security engineer recommend to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)
A security engineer needs to build a solution to turn IAM CloudTrail back on in multiple IAM Regions in case it is ever turned off.
What is the MOST efficient way to implement this solution?
TESTED 04 May 2024
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