ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Question and Answers

ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist

Last Update Jan 14, 2026
Total Questions : 227

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Questions 1

Which steps are included in the ISA/IEC 62443 assess phase?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Cybersecurity requirements specification and detailed cyber risk assessment

Cybersecurity requirements specification and allocation of IACS assets to zones and conduits

Detailed cyber risk assessment and cybersecurity maintenance, monitoring, and management of change

Allocation of IACS assets to zones and conduits, and detailed cyber risk assessment

Discussion 0

Questions 2

What is a requirement for product security development lifecycles?

Options:

Risk management

Agile development

Continuous integration

Defense-in-depth strategy

Discussion 0

Questions 3

Which of the following is an activity that should trigger a review of the CSMS?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Budgeting

New technical controls

Organizational restructuring

Security incident exposing previously unknown risk.

Discussion 0

Questions 4

The ISA/IEC 62443 Profiles Group will include parts starting with which number?

Options:

6-x

5-x

4-x

3-x

Discussion 0

Questions 5

What is TRUE regarding safety systems?

Options:

No dedicated malware has been found targeting safety systems specifically.

Even the most modern and sophisticated safety systems can be defeated by an attacker.

Safety systems are an independent protection layer and as such have no cybersecurity vulnerabilities.

By integrating control and safety systems via Modbus TCP, cybersecurity risks are at a tolerable level.

Discussion 0

Questions 6

A company is developing an automation solution and wants to align its cybersecurity efforts with ISA/IEC 62443 standards. Which lifecycle phases should be integrated into their project plan to cover both security and automation solution security comprehensively?

Options:

All phases

Design and Implement phases

Verification and Validation phase only

Operate and Maintain phases exclusively

Discussion 0

Questions 7

Which is the BEST practice when establishing security zones?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Security zones should contain assets that share common security requirements.

Security zones should align with physical network segments.

Assets within the same logical communication network should be in the same security zone.

All components in a large or complex system should be in the same security zone.

Discussion 0

Questions 8

Which of the following BEST describes 'Vulnerability'?

Options:

An exploitable flaw in management

An event that could breach security

The potential for violation of security

The result that occurs from a particular incident

Discussion 0

Questions 9

According to the scheme for cybersecurity profiles, which of the following is true about ISA/IEC 62443 security requirements when creating a security profile?

Options:

New security requirements can be added freely.

Only foundational requirements can be changed.

No new requirements are added and existing ones are not modified.

Existing security requirements can be modified to fit sector needs.

Discussion 0

Questions 10

How should patching be approached within an organization?

Options:

By ignoring downtime and costs

Only after a cyberattack has occurred

As part of the broader risk management strategy

As a purely technical task with no business implications

Discussion 0

Questions 11

Which analysis method is MOST frequently used as an input to a security risk assessment?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Job Safety Analysis

Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)

System Safety Analysis (SSA)

Discussion 0

Questions 12

What change was introduced in the second edition (2024) of ISA-62443-2-1 compared to the first edition (2010)?

Options:

Introduction of a new PDCA cycle framework

Elimination of duplication of ISMS requirements

Removal of supply chain security considerations

Focus only on individual system components rather than overall system

Discussion 0

Questions 13

Which is one of the PRIMARY goals of providing a framework addressing secure product development life-cycle requirements?

Options:

Aligned development process

Aligned needs of industrial users

Well-documented security policies and procedures

Defense-in-depth approach to designing

Discussion 0

Questions 14

How many maturity levels (ML) are established for evaluation criteria according to ISA/IEC 62443-2-4?

Options:

Discussion 0

Questions 15

In an IACS system, a typical security conduit consists of which of the following assets?

Options:

Controllers, sensors, transmitters, and final control elements

Wiring, routers, switches, and network management devices

Ferrous, thickwall, and threaded conduit including raceways

Power lines, cabinet enclosures, and protective grounds

Discussion 0

Questions 16

What are the four documents that belong to the General category of the ISA-62443 (IEC 62443) series?

Options:

Part 1-1: Terminology, concepts, and models; Part 1-2: Master glossary of terms and definitions; Part 1-3: Security program ratings; and Part 1-4: IACS security lifecycle and use cases

Part 1-1: Terminology, concepts, and models; Part 1-2: Master glossary of terms and definitions; Part 1-3: Security technologies for IACS; and Part 1-4: IACS security lifecycle and use cases

Part 1-1: Terminology, concepts, and models; Part 1-2: Master glossary of terms and definitions; Part 1-3: System security conformance metrics; and Part 1-4: IACS security lifecycle and use cases

Part 1-1: Terminology, concepts, and models; Part 1-2: Master glossary of terms and definitions; Part 1-3: System security conformance metrics; and Part 1-4: Security program requirements for IACS service providers

Discussion 0

Questions 17

According to the scheme for cybersecurity profiles, which of the following is true about ISA/IEC 62443 security requirements when creating a security profile?

Options:

New security requirements can be added freely.

Only foundational requirements can be changed.

No new requirements are allowed, and existing ones are not modified.

Existing security requirements can be modified to fit the sector needs.

Discussion 0

Questions 18

Which is the implementation of PROFIBUS over Ethernet for non-safety-related communications?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

PROFIBUS DP

PROFIBUS PA

PROFINET

PROF1SAFE

Discussion 0

Questions 19

What is recommended to use between the plant floor and the rest of the company networks?

Options:

Hub

Router

Switch

Firewall

Discussion 0

Questions 20

Which of the following ISA-99 (IEC 62443) Reference Model levels is named correctly?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Level 1: Supervisory Control

Level 2: Quality Control

Level 3: Operations Management

Level 4: Process

Discussion 0

Questions 21

Which is a commonly used protocol for managing secure data transmission on the Internet?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)

Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption

Secure Telnet

Secure Sockets Layer

Discussion 0

Questions 22

What.are the two elements of the risk analysis category of an IACS?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Risk evaluation and risk identification

Business rationale and risk reduction and avoidance

Business rationale and risk identification and classification

Business recovery and risk elimination or mitigation

Discussion 0

Questions 23

After receiving an approved patch from the JACS vendor, what is BEST practice for the asset owner to follow?

Options:

If a low priority, there is no need to apply the patch.

If a medium priority, schedule the installation within three months after receipt.

If a high priority, apply the patch at the first unscheduled outage.

If no problems are experienced with the current IACS, it is not necessary to apply the patch.

Discussion 0

Questions 24

In what step of the development process of the CSMS is “Establish purpose, organizational support, resources, and scope” taken care of?

Options:

Initiate the CSMS program.

Conduct an initial/high-level risk assessment.

Create reference architecture.

Establish policy, organization, and awareness.

Discussion 0

Questions 25

During the operation of an IACS, who is responsible for executing the Security Protection Scheme (SPS) process measures and responding to emerging risks?

Options:

The asset owner

The product vendor

The external auditor

The system integrator

Discussion 0

Questions 26

Which of the following attacks relies on a human weakness to succeed?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Denial-of-service

Phishing

Escalation-of-privileges

Spoofing

Discussion 0

Questions 27

As related to IACS Maintenance Service Providers, when do maintenance activities generally start?

Options:

During the design phase

At the beginning of the project

After the handover of the solution

Before the handover of the solution

Discussion 0

Questions 28

What type of cyberattack was discussed in the Ukrainian power grid case study?

Options:

Internal sabotage

Nation state

Insider threat

Random hacking

Discussion 0

Questions 29

Which organization manages the ISASecure conformance certification program?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

American Society for Industrial Security

Automation Federation

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Security Compliance Institute

Discussion 0

Questions 30

What caution is advised when using the vector approach to security levels?

Options:

Vector approaches eliminate the need for risk models.

Vector approaches are always more accurate than qualitative methods.

Vector values should be ignored if they do not match industry standards.

Vector values must align with the asset owner’s risk matrix and risk appetite.

Discussion 0

Questions 31

Which protocol is commonly used for managing the security of message transmission on the Internet via web browsers?

Options:

TLS

L2TP

PPTP

IPsec

Discussion 0

Questions 32

What should the identification analysis of discovered vulnerabilities determine?

Options:

Root cause analysis

User interface improvements

The cost of patch development

Marketing strategy for the product

Discussion 0

Questions 33

Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential consequence of compromising IACS according to the ISA99 Committee scope?

Options:

Increased product sales

Endangerment of public safety

Loss of proprietary information

Economic and operational losses

Discussion 0

Questions 34

What does the expression SL-T (BPCS Zone) vector {2 2 0 1 3 1 3} represent?

Options:

A qualitative risk assessment method

A single protection factor for all FRs

The FR values for a specific zone's security level

The SL values for a specific zone's foundational requirements

Discussion 0

Questions 35

Which of the following activities is NOT listed under the “Patch Testing” phase in the asset owner requirements?

Options:

Notification

File authenticity

Removal procedure

Qualification and verification

Discussion 0

Questions 36

What type of attack is characterized by encrypting an organization’s data and demanding payment for restoration?

Options:

Phishing

Ransomware

DDoS attack

Malware variant

Discussion 0

Questions 37

Who must be included in a training and security awareness program?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Vendors and suppliers

Employees

All personnel

Temporary staff

Discussion 0

Questions 38

In terms of availability requirements, how do IACS and IT differ?

Options:

IACS tolerates occasional failures while IT does not.

Rebooting is never acceptable in IT but tolerated in IACS.

Both IACS and IT have the same availability requirements.

Continuous operation is expected in IT while scheduled operation is sufficient for IACS.

Discussion 0

Questions 39

Authorization (user accounts) must be granted based on which of the following?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Individual preferences

Common needs for large groups

Specific roles

System complexity

Discussion 0

Questions 40

Which of the following starts at a high level and includes all ANSI/ISA-95 Level 0,1,2,3,4 equipment and information systems?

Options:

Zone model

Asset model

Reference model

Reference architecture

Discussion 0

Questions 41

What does the abbreviation CSMS round in ISA 62443-2-1 represent?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Control System Management System

Control System Monitoring System

Cyber Security Management System

Cyber Security Monitoring System

Discussion 0

Questions 42

If an asset owner wants to demonstrate compliance with ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 requirements during an external audit, which type of evidence would be MOST appropriate?

Options:

Financial investment records in cybersecurity tools only

Anecdotal reports from employees about security practices

Documentation verifying use and configuration of technologies

Marketing materials describing the company's commitment to security

Discussion 0

Questions 43

What is OPC?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

An open standard protocol for real-time field bus communication between automation technology devices

An open standard protocol for the communication of real-time data between devices from different manufacturers

An open standard serial communications protocol widely used in industrial manufacturing environments

A vendor-specific proprietary protocol for the communication of real-time plant data between control devices

Discussion 0

Questions 44

An energy utility company needs to implement cybersecurity controls specifically tailored for industrial control systems. Which standard from the list would be MOST appropriate for their use?

Options:

IEC PAS

ISO/IEC 27001

ISO/IEC 27019

NIST SP 800-53

Discussion 0

Questions 45

Which standard is applied during the Assess phase for risk assessment?

Options:

ISA/IEC 62443-2-1

ISA/IEC 62443-3-1

ISA/IEC 62443-3-2

ISA/IEC 62443-3-3

Discussion 0

Questions 46

What programs are MOST effective if they are tailored to the audience, consistent with company policy, and communicated regularly?

Options:

CSMS development

Cybersecurity awareness programs

Control systems adjustment programs

ISCS cybersecurity certification programs

Discussion 0

Questions 47

As related to technical security requirements for IACS components, what does CCSC stand for?

Options:

Common Component Security Criteria

Common Component Security Constraints

Centralized Component Security Compliance

Comprehensive Component Security Controls

Discussion 0

Questions 48

Which Security Level (SL) would be MOST appropriate for a system that requires protection against attackers with high motivation and extended resources using sophisticated means?

Options:

SL1

SL2

SL3

SL4

Discussion 0

Questions 49

Which ISA/IEC 62443 part covers technical security requirements used by product suppliers, integration service providers, and asset owners?

Options:

ISA/IEC 62443-2-1

ISA/IEC 62443-2-4

ISA/IEC 62443-3-3

ISA/IEC 62443-4-2

Discussion 0

Questions 50

Which standard is recognized as part of the NIST CSF Informative References?

Options:

COBIT 5

PCI DSS

ISO 9001

ISA/IEC 62443

Discussion 0

Questions 51

Which of the following is an example of a device used for intrusion detection?

Options:

Router

Switch

Firewall

Host-based IDS

Discussion 0

Questions 52

After receiving an approved patch from the IACS vendor, what is BEST practice for the asset owner to follow?

Options:

If a low priority, there is no need to apply the patch.

If a medium priority, schedule the installation within three months after receipt.

If a high priority, apply the patch at the first unscheduled outage.

If no problems are experienced with the current IACS, it is not necessary to apply the patch.

Discussion 0

Questions 53

Which is an important difference between IT systems and IACS?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

The IACS security priority is integrity.

The IT security priority is availability.

IACS cybersecurity must address safety issues.

Routers are not used in IACS networks.

Discussion 0

Answer:

A, C

Explanation:

IT systems and IACS have different security priorities, requirements, and challenges. According to the ISA/IEC 62443 standards, the security priority for IT systems is confidentiality, which means protecting the data from unauthorized access or disclosure. The security priority for IACS is integrity, which means ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the data and the functionality of the system. A loss of integrity in an IACS can have severe consequences, such as physical damage, environmental harm, or human injury. Therefore, IACS cybersecurity must address safety issues, which are not typically considered in IT security. Safety is the ability of the system to prevent or mitigate hazardous events that can cause harm to people, property, or the environment. The ISA/IEC 62443 standards provide guidance and best practices for ensuring the safety and security of IACS, as well as the availability and reliability of the system. Availability is the ability of the system to perform its intended function when required, and reliability is the ability of the system to perform its intended function without failure. These properties are also important for IT systems, but they may have different trade-offs and implications for IACS. For example, an IACS may have stricter performance and availability requirements than an IT system, as a delay or disruption in the IACS operation can affect the industrial process and its outcomes. Additionally, an IACS may have longer equipment lifetimes and less frequent maintenance windows than an IT system, which can make patching and updating more difficult and risky. Furthermore, an IACS may use different technologies and architectures than an IT system, such as legacy devices, proprietary protocols, or specialized hardware. These factors can create compatibility and interoperability issues, as well as increase the attack surface and complexity of the IACS. Therefore, IT security solutions and practices may not be sufficient or suitable for IACS, and they may need to be adapted or supplemented by IACS-specific security measures. The ISA/IEC 62443 standards address these differences and provide a comprehensive framework for securing IACS throughout their lifecycle.

[References: 1: Security of Industrial Automation and Control Systems - ISAGCA 2: ISA/IEC 62443 Series of Standards - ISA 3: ISA/IEC 62443 Series of Standards | ISAGCA 4: Securing IACS based on ISA/IEC 62443 – Part 1: The Big Picture, , The key differences between IT (Information Technology) systems and IACS (Industrial Automation and Control Systems) are centered on their primary security objectives and operational requirements:, Option A: The IACS security priority is integrity. This is crucial because any unauthorized modification of data or commands can lead to severe operational disruptions and safety hazards., Option C: IACS cybersecurity must address safety issues. Safety is a primary concern in IACS environments where process disruptions or malfunctions can result in harm to human operators or damage to equipment. The primary security priority in traditional IT systems is often confidentiality, not availability as stated in Option B, and routers are commonly used in IACS networks, contrary to Option D., , , ]

Questions 54

What are the three main components of the ISASecure Integrated Threat Analysis (ITA) Program?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Software development security assurance, functional security assessment, and communications robustness testing

Software robustness security testing, functional software assessment assurance, and essential security functionality assessment

Communications robustness testing, functional security assurance, and software robustness communications

Communication speed, disaster recovery, and essential security functionality assessment

Discussion 0

Questions 55

How many security levels are in the ISASecure certification program?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Discussion 0

Questions 56

Which is a reason for

and physical security regulations meeting a mixed resistance?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Regulations are voluntary documents.

Regulations contain only informative elements.

Cybersecurity risks can best be managed individually and in isolation.

There are a limited number of enforced cybersecurity and physical security regulations.

Discussion 0

Questions 57

Why is segmentation from non-IACS zones important in Network & Communication Security (SP Element 3)?

Options:

To classify data according to sensitivity levels

To prevent attacks originating outside the IACS

To manage user identity persistence effectively

To ensure backup verification processes run smoothly

Discussion 0

Questions 58

Which U.S. Department is responsible for the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)?

Options:

Department of Energy

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Department of Homeland Security

Transportation Security Administration

Discussion 0

Questions 59

Which is the PRIMARY objective when defining a security zone?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

All assets in the zone must be from the same vendor.

All assets in the zone must share the same security requirements.

All assets in the zone must be at the same level in the Purdue model.

All assets in the zone must be physically located in the same area.

Discussion 0

Questions 60

What is the purpose of ICS-CERT Alerts?

Options:

To inform about hardware upgrades

To advertise cybersecurity services

To notify the owners of critical infrastructure

To alert of targeted global energy sector threats

Discussion 0

Questions 61

Which statement is TRUE reqardinq application of patches in an IACS environment?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Patches should be applied as soon as they are available.

Patches should be applied within one month of availability.

Patches never should be applied in an IACS environment.

Patches should be applied based on the organization's risk assessment.

Discussion 0

Questions 62

What does Part 6-1 of the ISA/IEC 62443 series specify?

Options:

Patch management guidance

Security technologies for ICS and IACS

Security evaluation methodology for Part 2-4

System security requirements, phases, and levels

Discussion 0

Questions 63

Which of the following activities is NOT listed under the "Patch Testing" phase in the asset owner requirements?

Options:

Notification

File authenticity

Removal procedure

Qualification and verification

Discussion 0

Questions 64

What is the primary purpose of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF)?

Options:

To create new cybersecurity technologies

To replace existing cybersecurity standards

To enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure

To provide a certification for organizations

Discussion 0

Questions 65

How can defense in depth be achieved via security zones?

Options:

By having zones within zones, or subzones, that provide layered security

By having a zone edge that is using the security policies of the asset owner

By having zones that are connected via using the latest version of SSL

By having zones that separate sensors from actuators, that provide layered security

Discussion 0

Questions 66

Which of the following is a recommended default rule for IACS firewalls?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Allow all traffic by default.

Allow IACS devices to access the Internet.

Allow traffic directly from the IACS network to the enterprise network.

Block all traffic by default.

Discussion 0

Questions 67

If an asset owner wants to improve their organization's ability to respond during a cyberattack, which of the following activities would be MOST appropriate to implement?

Options:

Tabletop exercises

Password hygiene campaign

Architecture awareness workshops

Anomaly detection drills for operators

Discussion 0

Questions 68

What are three possible entry points (pathways) that could be used for launching a cyber attack?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

LAN, portable media, and wireless

LAN, portable media, and hard drives

LAN, power source, and wireless OD.

LAN, WAN, and hard drive

Discussion 0

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