ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Question and Answers

ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist

Last Update Nov 30, 2025
Total Questions : 215

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Questions 1

Who must be included in a training and security awareness program?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Vendors and suppliers

Employees

All personnel

Temporary staff

Discussion 0

Questions 2

Which layer is responsible for error checking and MAC addressing?

Options:

Network

Transport

Application

Data link

Discussion 0

Questions 3

Which of the following staff is NOT mentioned as a stakeholder in the CSMS Program?

Options:

Marketing

Operations

IT security

Physical security

Discussion 0

Questions 4

As related to IACS Maintenance Service Providers, when do maintenance activities generally start?

Options:

During the design phase

At the beginning of the project

After the handover of the solution

Before the handover of the solution

Discussion 0

Questions 5

Which is the PRIMARY responsibility of the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Forwards packets, including routing through intermediate routers

Gives transparent transfer of data between end users

Provides the rules for framing, converting electrical signals to data

Handles the physics of getting a message from one device to another

Discussion 0

Questions 6

What.are the two elements of the risk analysis category of an IACS?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Risk evaluation and risk identification

Business rationale and risk reduction and avoidance

Business rationale and risk identification and classification

Business recovery and risk elimination or mitigation

Discussion 0

Questions 7

Which part of the standard provides a list of possible Foundational Requirements to address assessed risks?

Options:

ISA/IEC 62443-3-1

ISA/IEC 62443-3-2

ISA/IEC 62443-3-3

ISA/IEC 62443-3-4

Discussion 0

Questions 8

Multiuser accounts and shared passwords inherently carry which of the followinq risks?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Privilege escalation

Buffer overflow

Unauthorized access

Race conditions

Discussion 0

Answer:

A, C

Explanation:

Multiuser accounts and shared passwords are accounts and passwords that are used by more than one person to access a system or a resource. They inherently carry the risk of unauthorized access, which means that someone who is not authorized or intended to use the account or password can gain access to the system or resource, and potentially compromise its confidentiality, integrity, or availability. For example, if a multiuser account and password are shared among several operators of an industrial automation and control system (IACS), an attacker who obtains the password can use the account to access the IACS and perform malicious actions, such as changing the system settings, deleting data, or disrupting the process. Multiuser accounts and shared passwords also make it difficult to track and audit the activities of individual users, and to enforce the principle of least privilege, which states that users should only have the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks. Therefore, the ISA/IEC 62443 standards recommend avoiding the use of multiuser accounts and shared passwords, and instead using individual accounts and strong passwords for each user, and implementing authentication and authorization mechanisms to control the access to the IACS. References:

ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 3-3: System security requirements and security levels1

ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2009 - Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 2-1: Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program2

ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Training Course3

Shared passwords and multiuser accounts pose specific risks, notably unauthorized access and privilege escalation. In ISA/IEC 62443's framework, these practices are discouraged because they complicate the attribution of actions to individual users and increase the likelihood that accounts can be used beyond their intended scope. Unauthorized access occurs when individuals exploit the shared nature of an account to gain entry to systems or data that they should not access. Privilege escalation can happen when users leverage shared accounts to perform actions at higher permission levels than those assigned to their personal accounts. Conversely, buffer overflows and race conditions are types of vulnerabilities or programming errors, not directly associated with the risks of multiuser accounts or shared passwords.

Questions 9

What does the first group of the ISA/IEC 62443 series focus on?

Options:

Policies and procedures

System technology aspects

General standards and reports

Component security requirements

Discussion 0

Questions 10

Which of the following is NOT a general class of firewalls?

Options:

Packet filter

Network monitor

Application proxy

Stateful inspection

Discussion 0

Questions 11

Which analysis method is MOST frequently used as an input to a security risk assessment?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Job Safety Analysis

Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)

System Safety Analysis (SSA)

Discussion 0

Questions 12

What is TRUE regarding safety systems?

Options:

No dedicated malware has been found targeting safety systems specifically.

Even the most modern and sophisticated safety systems can be defeated by an attacker.

Safety systems are an independent protection layer and as such have no cybersecurity vulnerabilities.

By integrating control and safety systems via Modbus TCP, cybersecurity risks are at a tolerable level.

Discussion 0

Questions 13

What are the four main categories for documents in the ISA-62443 (IEC 62443) series?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

General. Policies and Procedures. System, and Component

End-User, Integrator, Vendor, and Regulator

Assessment. Mitigation. Documentation, and Maintenance

People. Processes. Technology, and Training

Discussion 0

Questions 14

Why is patch management more difficult for IACS than for business systems?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Overtime pay is required for technicians.

Many more approvals are required.

Patching a live automation system can create safety risks.

Business systems automatically update.

Discussion 0

Questions 15

What is the FIRST step required in implementing ISO 27001?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Create a security management organization.

Define an information security policy.

Implement strict security controls.

Perform a security risk assessment.

Discussion 0

Questions 16

What impact do increasing cybercrime attacks have?

Options:

They primarily target personal devices.

They focus solely on financial institutions.

They affect suppliers of essential services.

They lead to improved cybersecurity measures.

Discussion 0

Questions 17

In what step of the development process of the CSMS is “Establish purpose, organizational support, resources, and scope” taken care of?

Options:

Initiate the CSMS program.

Conduct an initial/high-level risk assessment.

Create reference architecture.

Establish policy, organization, and awareness.

Discussion 0

Questions 18

Which is a commonly used protocol for managing secure data transmission on the Internet?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)

Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption

Secure Telnet

Secure Sockets Layer

Discussion 0

Questions 19

Which characteristic is MOST closely associated with the deployment of a demilitarized zone (DMZ)?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Level 4 systems must use the DMZ to communicate with Level 3 and below.

Level 0 can only interact with Level 1 through the firewall.

Internet access through the firewall is allowed.

Email is prevented, thereby mitigating the risk of phishing attempts.

Discussion 0

Questions 20

What is the primary focus of Part 3-2 in the ISA/IEC 62443 series?

Options:

Security technologies for IACS

Cybersecurity risk assessment and system design

Secure product development lifecycle requirements

Technical security requirements for IACS components

Discussion 0

Questions 21

How many element qroups are in the "Addressinq Risk" CSMS cateqorv?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Discussion 0

Questions 22

What are the connections between security zones called?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Firewalls

Tunnels

Pathways

Conduits

Discussion 0

Questions 23

Which of the following BEST describes ‘Vulnerability’?

Options:

An exploitable flaw in management

An event that could breach security

The potential for violation of security

The result that occurs from a particular incident

Discussion 0

Questions 24

What is Modbus?

Options:

A programming language

A network security standard

A type of industrial machinery

A serial communications protocol

Discussion 0

Questions 25

What is the primary audience for Part 2-5 of the ISA/IEC 62443 Series - Policies & Procedures group of standards?

Options:

Asset owners

Service providers

Product suppliers

System integrators

Discussion 0

Questions 26

Which layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model would include the use of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Application layer

Data link layer

Session layer

Transport layer

Discussion 0

Questions 27

What does IACS stand for?

Options:

Industrial Automation and Control Systems

Industrial Associations and Control Systems

Integrated Automation and Control Systems

International Automated and Control Systems

Discussion 0

Questions 28

Which is the PRIMARY objective when defining a security zone?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

All assets in the zone must be from the same vendor.

All assets in the zone must share the same security requirements.

All assets in the zone must be at the same level in the Purdue model.

All assets in the zone must be physically located in the same area.

Discussion 0

Questions 29

Which is a common pitfall when initiating a CSMS program?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Organizational lack of communication

Failure to relate to the mission of the organization

Insufficient documentation due to lack of good follow-up

Immediate jump into detailed risk assessment

Discussion 0

Questions 30

The Risk Analysis category contains background information that is used where?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Many other elements in the CSMS

(Elements external to the CSMS

Only the Assessment element

Only the Risk ID element

Discussion 0

Questions 31

What is a requirement for product security development lifecycles?

Options:

Risk management

Agile development

Continuous integration

Defense-in-depth strategy

Discussion 0

Questions 32

Why were PLCs originally designed?

Options:

To replace relays

To service I/O exclusively

To enhance network security

To improve Ethernet functionality

Discussion 0

Questions 33

How many maturity levels (ML) are established for evaluation criteria according to ISA/IEC 62443-2-4?

Options:

Discussion 0

Questions 34

Which factor drives the selection of countermeasures?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Foundational requirements

Output from a risk assessment

Security levels

System design

Discussion 0

Questions 35

Which of the following is the BEST example of detection-in-depth best practices?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Firewalls and unexpected protocols being used

IDS sensors deployed within multiple zones in the production environment

Role-based access control and unusual data transfer patterns

Role-based access control and VPNs

Discussion 0

Questions 36

Which of the following is the underlying protocol for Ethernet/IP?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Building Automation and Control Network (BACnet)

Common Industrial Protocol

Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART)

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control

Discussion 0

Questions 37

What is recommended to use between the plant floor and the rest of the company networks?

Options:

Hub

Router

Switch

Firewall

Discussion 0

Questions 38

Which of the following is an example of a device used for intrusion detection?

Options:

Router

Switch

Firewall

Host-based IDS

Discussion 0

Questions 39

Which analysis method is MOST frequently used as an input to a security risk assessment?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)

System Safety Analysis (SSA)

Discussion 0

Questions 40

As related to technical security requirements for IACS components, what does CCSC stand for?

Options:

Common Component Security Criteria

Common Component Security Constraints

Centralized Component Security Compliance

Comprehensive Component Security Controls

Discussion 0

Questions 41

Which U.S. Department is responsible for the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)?

Options:

Department of Energy

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Department of Homeland Security

Transportation Security Administration

Discussion 0

Questions 42

What is one of the primary causes of cyber-related production losses in process control systems?

Options:

Human error

Hardware failure

Malware incidents

Network congestion

Discussion 0

Questions 43

Which of the ISA 62443 standards focuses on the process of developing secure products?

Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

Options:

62443-1-1

62443-3-2

62443-3-3

62443-4-1

Discussion 0

Questions 44

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for deploying a WAN?

Options:

Internet

Enterprise WANs

Local area networks

Carrier-managed WANs

Discussion 0

Questions 45

What is a key activity in the Maintain phase?

Options:

Risk assessment

Managing changes

Allocating assets to security zones

Designing cybersecurity countermeasures

Discussion 0

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