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WGU Introduction to Cryptography HNO1 Question and Answers

WGU Introduction to Cryptography HNO1

Last Update May 31, 2026
Total Questions : 93

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Questions 1

(Why should an asymmetric private key be used to encrypt the digest of an application?)

Options:

A.  

An asymmetric private key uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt large amounts of media, one bit at a time.

B.  

An asymmetric private key signs files by signing (encrypting) the hash of a file so integrity and authenticity can be verified with the corresponding public key.

C.  

An asymmetric private key encrypts and decrypts data in blocks of characters at a time with a complex algorithm.

D.  

An asymmetric private key encrypts a small amount of information, which is decrypted with the corresponding private key.

Discussion 0
Questions 2

(Two people want to communicate through secure email. The person creating the email wants to ensure only their friend can decrypt the email. Which key should the person creating the email use to encrypt the message?)

Options:

A.  

Sender’s public key

B.  

Recipient’s private key

C.  

Sender’s private key

D.  

Recipient’s public key

Discussion 0
Questions 3

(What are the primary characteristics of Bitcoin proof of work?)

Options:

A.  

Difficult to produce and difficult to verify

B.  

Difficult to produce and easy to verify

C.  

Easy to produce and easy to verify

D.  

Easy to produce and difficult to verify

Discussion 0
Questions 4

(Which regulation requires organizations to implement strong encryption measures to protect credit card data?)

Options:

A.  

California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)

B.  

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)

C.  

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

D.  

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Discussion 0
Questions 5

(How does Electronic Codebook (ECB) mode encryption function?)

Options:

A.  

Converts from block to stream, then uses a counter value and a nonce to encrypt the data

B.  

Uses a self-synchronizing stream on the blocks, where the IV is encrypted and XORed with the data stream

C.  

Uses an IV to encrypt the first block, then uses the result to encrypt the next block

D.  

Encrypts each block with the same key, where each block is independent of the others

Discussion 0
Questions 6

(What is the Enigma machine known for in the history of cryptography?)

Options:

A.  

A type of cryptographic algorithm

B.  

A device used for secure communication during World War II

C.  

A method for decrypting messages

D.  

A software program for encrypting emails

Discussion 0
Questions 7

(What is an alternative to using a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) with certificates?)

Options:

A.  

Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM)

B.  

Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)

C.  

Root Certificate Authority (CA)

D.  

Policy Certificate Authority (CA)

Discussion 0
Questions 8

(Which type of network were VPN connections originally designed to tunnel through?)

Options:

A.  

Encrypted

B.  

Protected

C.  

Public

D.  

Private

Discussion 0
Questions 9

(What is an example of a block cipher mode of operation?)

Options:

A.  

Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256)

B.  

Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)

C.  

Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA)

D.  

Electronic Codebook (ECB)

Discussion 0
Questions 10

(A security analyst is using 3DES for data encryption. Which 3DES key size is valid?)

Options:

A.  

128-bit

B.  

2,048-bit

C.  

56-bit

D.  

112-bit

Discussion 0
Questions 11

(Which attack may take the longest amount of time to achieve success?)

Options:

A.  

Birthday

B.  

Rainbow table

C.  

Dictionary

D.  

Brute-force

Discussion 0
Questions 12

(What is a component of a one-time password (OTP) that is needed to guess future iterations of passwords?)

Options:

A.  

Function

B.  

Initialization vector

C.  

Encryption algorithm

D.  

Seed

Discussion 0
Questions 13

(Which number of bits gets encrypted each time encryption is applied during stream encryption?)

Options:

A.  

1

B.  

40

C.  

192

D.  

256

Discussion 0
Questions 14

(Which operation can be performed on a certificate during the “Issued” stage?)

Options:

A.  

Creation

B.  

Key recovery

C.  

Distribution

D.  

Key archiving

Discussion 0
Questions 15

(Which encryption mode is known for supporting parallel processing?)

Options:

A.  

Cipher Feedback (CFB)

B.  

Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)

C.  

Output Feedback (OFB)

D.  

Electronic Codebook (ECB)

Discussion 0
Questions 16

(Why are large prime numbers important in cryptography?)

Options:

A.  

They make encryption faster.

B.  

They make decryption easier.

C.  

They are used for encoding messages.

D.  

They provide security in encryption algorithms.

Discussion 0
Questions 17

(Which authentication method allows a customer to authenticate to a web service?)

Options:

A.  

One-way server authentication

B.  

End-to-end authentication

C.  

Mutual authentication

D.  

One-way client authentication

Discussion 0
Questions 18

(What is lattice-based cryptography?)

Options:

A.  

A technique for encoding messages using lattice points

B.  

A blockchain option from clone

C.  

A cryptographic scheme based on geometric lattices

D.  

A type of encryption algorithm using modular arithmetic

Discussion 0
Questions 19

(Which of the following is an example of a software encryption solution for disk storage?)

Options:

A.  

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

B.  

Hardware Security Module (HSM)

C.  

BitLocker and FileVault

D.  

USB encryption hardware

Discussion 0
Questions 20

(An administrator has configured a Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection utilizing IPsec transport mode with Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) between a server in the corporate office and a client computer in the remote office. In which situation can the packet content be inspected?)

Options:

A.  

On devices at headquarters and offsite before being sent and after being received

B.  

In the headquarters’ and offsite location’s networks after the data has been sent

C.  

Only in the offsite location’s network while data is in transit

D.  

Only in the headquarters’ network while data is in transit

Discussion 0
Questions 21

(Which cryptographic operation uses a single key?)

Options:

A.  

Hashing

B.  

Asymmetric

C.  

Padding

D.  

Symmetric

Discussion 0
Questions 22

(A security analyst uses a polyalphabetic substitution cipher with a keyword of YELLOW to encrypt a message. Which cipher should be used to encrypt the message?)

Options:

A.  

Pigpen

B.  

Caesar

C.  

Vigenère

D.  

Playfair

Discussion 0
Questions 23

(Which cryptographic technique is used to ensure data integrity?)

Options:

A.  

Authentication

B.  

Non-repudiation

C.  

Digital signatures

D.  

Steganography

Discussion 0
Questions 24

(Why is lightweight cryptography important in modern information security?)

Options:

A.  

To complicate data protection measures

B.  

To ensure secure communication on high-speed networks

C.  

To limit the use of encryption tools in organizations

D.  

To address the security needs of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and mobile applications

Discussion 0
Questions 25

(Which mode of encryption uses an Initialization Vector (IV) to encrypt the first block and then uses the result to encrypt the next block?)

Options:

A.  

Electronic Codebook (ECB)

B.  

Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)

C.  

Output Feedback (OFB)

D.  

Cipher Feedback (CFB)

Discussion 0
Questions 26

(Which additional input element can be used to implement integrity in combination with symmetric ciphers?)

Options:

A.  

Initialization vector

B.  

Encoding algorithm

C.  

Nonce value

D.  

Hash function

Discussion 0
Questions 27

(What type of encryption uses different keys to encrypt and decrypt the message?)

Options:

A.  

Symmetric

B.  

Private key

C.  

Secure

D.  

Asymmetric

Discussion 0