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AWS Certified Developer - Associate Question and Answers

AWS Certified Developer - Associate

Last Update Jun 5, 2026
Total Questions : 608

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Questions 1

A developer is setting up infrastructure by using AWS Cloud Formation. If an error occurs when the resources described in the CloudFormation template are provisioned, successfully provisioned resources must be preserved. The developer must provision and update the CloudFormation stack by using the AWS CLI.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Add an --enable-terminal ion-protection command line option to the create-stack command and the update-stack command.

B.  

Add a -disable-roll back command line option to the create-stack command and the update-stack command

C.  

Add a —parameters ParameterKey=P reserve Resources. ParameterVaIue=True command line option to the create-stack command and the update-stack command.

D.  

Add a -tags Key=PreserveResources.VaIue=True command line option to the create-stack command and the update-stack command.

Discussion 0
Questions 2

A developer has an application that is composed of many different AWS Lambda functions. The Lambda functions all use some of the same dependencies. To avoid security issues the developer is constantly updating the dependencies of all of the Lambda functions. The result is duplicated effort to reach function.

How can the developer keep the dependencies of the Lambda functions up to date with the LEAST additional complexity?

Options:

A.  

Define a maintenance window for the Lambda functions to ensure that the functions get updated copies of the dependencies.

B.  

Upgrade the Lambda functions to the most recent runtime version.

C.  

Define a Lambda layer that contains all of the shared dependencies.

D.  

Use an AWS CodeCommit repository to host the dependencies in a centralized location.

Discussion 0
Questions 3

A company has deployed infrastructure on AWS. A development team wants to create an AWS Lambda function that will retrieve data from an Amazon Aurora database. The Amazon Aurora database is in a private subnet in company ' s VPC. The VPC is named VPC1. The data is relational in nature. The Lambda function needs to access the data securely.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create the Lambda function. Configure VPC1 access for the function. Attach a security group named SG1 to both the Lambda function and the database. Configure the security group inbound and outbound rules to allow TCP traffic on Port 3306.

B.  

Create and launch a Lambda function in a new public subnet that is in a new VPC named VPC2. Create a peering connection between VPC1 and VPC2.

C.  

Create the Lambda function. Configure VPC1 access for the function. Assign a security group named SG1 to the Lambda function. Assign a second security group named SG2 to the database. Add an inbound rule to SG1 to allow TCP traffic from Port 3306.

D.  

Export the data from the Aurora database to Amazon S3. Create and launch a Lambda function in VPC1. Configure the Lambda function query the data from Amazon S3.

Discussion 0
Questions 4

A developer migrated a legacy application to an AWS Lambda function. The function uses a third-party service to pull data with a series of API calls at the end of each month. The function than processes the data to generate the monthly reports. The function has Been working with no issues so far.

The third-party service recently issued a restriction to allow a feed number to API calls each minute and each day. If the API calls exceed the limit tor each minute or each day, then the service will produce errors. The API also provides the minute limit and daily limit in the response header. This restriction might extend the overall process to multiple days because the process is consuming more API calls than the available limit.

What is the MOST operationally efficient way to refactor the server less application to accommodate this change?

Options:

A.  

Use an AWS Step Functions State machine to monitor API failures. Use the Wait state to delay calling the Lambda function.

B.  

Use an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue to hold the API calls. Configure the Lambda function to poll the queue within the API threshold limits.

C.  

Use an Amazon CloudWatch Logs metric to count the number of API calls. Configure an Amazon CloudWatch alarm flat slops the currently running instance of the Lambda function when the metric exceeds the API threshold limits.

D.  

Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to batch me API calls and deliver them to an Amazon S3 bucket win an event notification to invoke the Lambda function.

Discussion 0
Questions 5

A company wants to use AWS AppConfig to gradually deploy a new feature to 15% of users to test the feature before a full deployment.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Set up a custom script within the application to randomly select 15% of users. Assign a flag for the new feature to the selected users.

B.  

Create separate AWS AppConfig feature flags for both groups of users. Configure the flags to target 15% of users.

C.  

Create an AWS AppConfig feature flag. Define a variant for the new feature, and create a rule to target 15% of users.

D.  

Use AWS AppConfig to create a feature flag without variants. Implement a custom traffic-splitting mechanism in the application code.

Discussion 0
Questions 6

A company uses an AWS Lambda function to perform natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The company has attached a Lambda layer to the function. The Lambda layer contain scientific libraries that the function uses during processing.

The company added a large, pre-trained text-classification model to the Lambda layer. The addition increased the size of the Lambda layer to 8.7 GB. After the addition and a recent deployment, the Lambda function returned a RequestEntityTooLargeException error.

The company needs to update the Lambda function with a high-performing and portable solution to decrease the initialization time for the function.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Store the large pre-trained model in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use the AWS SDK to access the model.

B.  

Create an Amazon EFS file system to store the large pre-trained model. Mount the file system to an Amazon EC2 instance. Configure the Lambda function to use the EFS file system.

C.  

Split the components of the Lambda layer into five new Lambda layers. Zip the new layers, and attach the layers to the Lambda function. Update the function code to use the new layers.

D.  

Create a Docker container that includes the scientific libraries and the pre-trained model. Update the Lambda function to use the container image.

Discussion 0
Questions 7

A developer is debugging an issue with an application that is based on an AWS Lambda function. The Lambda function intermittently fails during a 1-hour window. The developer needs to investigate the root cause of the intermittent failures. The application sends logs to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. The developer must be able to collect logs that relate to Lambda function failures. The developer must capture the dates and times at which the failures occurred. Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

A.  

Use the AWS CLI in AWS CloudShell to browse the CloudWatch Logs log group to search for the error messages.

B.  

Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to run a query on the log group that searches for specific patterns that match the error messages.

C.  

Download log files from the CloudWatch Logs log group to the developer ' s local machine. Use a local text search tool to search for the error messages.

D.  

Export the CloudWatch Logs log group to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to run a SQL query against the bucket to search for the error messages.

Discussion 0
Questions 8

A developer deployed an application to an Amazon EC2 instance The application needs to know the public IPv4 address of the instance

How can the application find this information?

Options:

A.  

Query the instance metadata from http./M69.254.169.254. latestmeta-data/.

B.  

Query the instance user data from http ' 169 254.169 254. latest/user-data/

C.  

Query the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) information from http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ami/.

D.  

Check the hosts file of the operating system

Discussion 0
Questions 9

A healthcare company develops a patient monitoring application that uses AWS AppSync and an AWS Lambda function. The application stores patient data in an Amazon DynamoDB database. The application processes real-time patient vital signs from thousands of IoT devices. The application must support queries from medical staff who access patient historical data. A developer notices significant latency when medical staff query patient histories, specifically for frequently-accessed records of patients currently under observation. The developer observes that the Lambda functions are consuming high read capacity units (RCUs) from DynamoDB. The developer needs to optimize the application ' s performance and maintain data consistency. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Enable response caching in AppSync with a TTL value of 1 hour for all queries. Update the Lambda code to use in-memory caching.

B.  

Increase the Lambda function memory allocation to maximum. Configure provisioned concurrency for the function.

C.  

Create a caching Lambda function that aggregates patient data periodically and stores it in Amazon S3. Implement a read-through cache pattern.

D.  

Implement in-memory caching by using Amazon ElastiCache for frequently-accessed patient records. Configure the Lambda functions to check the cache before querying the database. Set up cache invalidation when patient data is updated.

Discussion 0
Questions 10

A company has an application that uses Amazon Cognito user pools as an identity provider. The company must secure access to user records. The company has set up multi-factor authentication (MFA). The company also wants to send a login activity notification by email every time a user logs in.

What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that uses Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to send the email notification. Add an Amazon API Gateway API to invoke the function. Call the API from the client side when login confirmation is received.

B.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that uses Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to send the email notification. Add an Amazon Cognito post authentication Lambda trigger for the function.

C.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that uses Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to send the email notification. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log subscription filter to invoke the function based on the login status.

D.  

Configure Amazon Cognito to stream all logs to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. Create an AWS Lambda function to process the streamed logs and to send the email notification based on the login status of each user.

Discussion 0
Questions 11

A company has a social media application that receives large amounts of traffic User posts and interactions are continuously updated in an Amazon RDS database The data changes frequently, and the data types can be complex The application must serve read requests with minimal latency

The application ' s current architecture struggles to deliver these rapid data updates efficiently The company needs a solution to improve the application ' s performance.

Which solution will meet these requirements ' ?

Options:

A.  

Use Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) in front of the RDS database to provide a caching layer for the high volume of rapidly changing data

B.  

Set up Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration on the RDS database to enhance the speed of data transfer from the databases to the application.

C.  

Add an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the RDS database to provide a caching layer for the high volume of rapidly changing data

D.  

Create an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster. Update the application code to use a write-through caching strategy and read the data from Redis.

Discussion 0
Questions 12

A company is planning to deploy an application on AWS behind an Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancer. The application uses an HTTP/HTTPS listener and must access the client IP addresses.

Which load-balancing solution meets these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Use an Application Load Balancer and the X-Forwarded-For headers.

B.  

Use a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Enable proxy protocol support on the NLB and the target application.

C.  

Use an Application Load Balancer. Register the targets by the instance ID.

D.  

Use a Network Load Balancer and the X-Forwarded-For headers.

Discussion 0
Questions 13

A company operates a web-based loan processing application. The application ' s UI is implemented in JavaScript. The frontend transmits application data securely by using HTTPS to Amazon API Gateway, which invokes an AWS Lambda function in private subnets. The Lambda function interacts with third-party credit check APIs that require persistent API keys. The company enforces strict policies to ensure that personally identifiable information (PII) and sensitive credentials are never exposed in client code, request paths, headers, or logs. The company needs a solution to manage the API keys that the Lambda function must use. Which solution will meet this requirement in the MOST secure way?

Options:

A.  

Store the API keys as encrypted environment variables by using an AWS KMS key. Configure the execution role of the Lambda function to have permissions to securely decrypt the environment variables at runtime.

B.  

Pass the API keys to the Lambda function by including the keys as URL query parameters in each HTTPS request. Rely on TLS for encryption of the payload and response. Use API Gateway logging controls to manage what query parameters are logged.

C.  

Bundle the API keys inside the minified client-side JavaScript. Configure the web application to call the Lambda function by using an API Gateway HTTP API, cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) restrictions, domain allowlists, and frequent rotation.

D.  

Store the API keys as resource metadata tags on the Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to read its own tags at startup by using the AWS SDK. Use IAM conditions to control access to the keys when the function retrieves the tags.

Discussion 0
Questions 14

A developer is building an application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 Linux instances that run the Apache web server. The application must send API calls that contain sensitive customer data to a second fleet of Linux instances that also run Apache. The two fleets are deployed in peered VPCs within the same AWS account and AWS Region.

All sensitive data must be encrypted in transit .

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

A.  

Create security groups in each VPC that allow traffic only from the other fleet’s security group.

B.  

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the two peered VPCs and route the API traffic through the VPN.

C.  

Encrypt all Amazon EBS volumes with a customer managed AWS KMS key and attach an IAM instance profile that allows access to the key.

D.  

Request a certificate through AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) and redeploy both fleets by using TLS for Apache with the ACM-issued certificate.

Discussion 0
Questions 15

A developer has deployed an AWS Lambda function that is subscribed to an Amazon Simple Notification Service {Amazon SNS) topic. The developer must implement a solution to add a record of each Lambda function invocation to an Amazon Simple Queue Service {Amazon SQS) queue.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Configure the SQS queue as a dead-letter queue for the Lambda function.

B.  

Create code that uses the AWS SDK to call the SQS SendMessage operation to add the invocation details to the SQS queue. Add the code to the end of the Lambda function.

C.  

Add two asynchronous invocation destinations to the Lambda function: one destination for successful invocations and one destination for failed invocations. Configure the SQS queue as the destination for each type. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm based on the DestinationDeliveryFailures metric to catch any message that cannot be delivered.

D.  

Add a single asynchronous invocation destination to the Lambda function to capture successful invocations. Configure the SQS queue as the destination. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm based on the DestinationDeliveryFailures metric to catch any message that cannot be delivered.

Discussion 0
Questions 16

A company has many microservices that are comprised of AWS Lambda functions. Multiple teams within the company split ownership of the microservices.

An application reads configuration values from environment variables that are contained in the Lambda functions. During a security audit, the company discovers that some of the environment variables contain sensitive information.

The company ' s security policy requires each team to have full control over the rotation of AWS KMS keys that the team uses for its respective microservices.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create AWS managed keys for all Lambda functions. Use the new AWS managed keys to encrypt the environment variables. Add kms:Decrypt permissions to the Lambda function execution roles.

B.  

Create customer managed keys for all Lambda functions. Use the new customer managed keys to encrypt the environment variables. Add kms:Decrypt permission to the Lambda function execution roles.

C.  

Create customer managed keys for all Lambda functions. Use the new customer managed keys to encrypt the environment variables. Add kms:CreateGrant permission and kms:Encrypt permission to the Lambda function execution roles.

D.  

Create AWS managed keys for all Lambda functions. Use the new AWS managed keys to encrypt the environment variables. Add kms:CreateGrant permission and kms:Encrypt permission to the Lambda function execution roles.

Discussion 0
Questions 17

A developer is planning to migrate on-premises company data to Amazon S3. The data must be encrypted, and the encryption Keys must support automate annual rotation. The company must use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to encrypt the data.

When type of keys should the developer use to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Amazon S3 managed keys

B.  

Symmetric customer managed keys with key material that is generated by AWS

C.  

Asymmetric customer managed keys with key material that generated by AWS

D.  

Symmetric customer managed keys with imported key material

Discussion 0
Questions 18

A company developed an API application on AWS by using Amazon CloudFront. Amazon API Gateway, and AWS Lambda. The API has a minimum of four requests every second A developer notices that many API users run the same query by using the POST method. The developer wants to cache the POST request to optimize the API resources.

Which solution will meet these requirements ' ?

Options:

A.  

Configure the CloudFront cache Update the application to return cached content based upon the default request headers.

B.  

Override the cache method in me selected stage of API Gateway Select the POST method.

C.  

Save the latest request response in Lambda /tmp directory Update the Lambda function to check the /tmp directory

D.  

Save the latest request m AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store Modify the Lambda function to take the latest request response from Parameter Store

Discussion 0
Questions 19

A company runs an application on AWS. The application stores data in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Some queries are taking a long time to run. These slow queries involve an attribute that is not the table ' s partition key or sort key. The amount of data that the application stores in the DynamoDB table is expected to increase significantly. A developer must increase the performance of the queries. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Increase the page size for each request by setting the Limit parameter to be higher than the default value.

B.  

Create a global secondary index (GSI). Set the query attribute to be the partition key of the index.

C.  

Perform a parallel scan operation by issuing individual scan requests.

D.  

Turn on read capacity auto scaling for the DynamoDB table. Increase the maximum read capacity units (RCUs).

Discussion 0
Questions 20

An ecommerce company uses a set of AWS Lambda functions to process orders. The Lambda functions send logs to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. The company observes timeout issues for one recently deployed processing function. The company needs to debug and identify the root cause of the timeout issue. The Lambda function is already in production. The company wants to have a live feed of filtered logs that start with the word " ERROR " to identify the root cause of the issue. The company wants to review only relevant log lines in near real time. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Run an Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights query with a filter expression after the function finishes running.

B.  

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription filter to a new log group. Apply a metric filter for " ERROR. "

C.  

Use the live tail feature in the Lambda console with a filter for " ERROR. "

D.  

Use Amazon Athena to query the log data that is stored in the Amazon CloudWatch log group.

Discussion 0
Questions 21

A developer updates an AWS Lambda function that is integrated with an Amazon API Gateway API. The API serves as the backend for a web application. The developer must test the updated Lambda function without affecting production users .

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

A.  

Create a canary deployment on the existing API stage and test by using the production URL.

B.  

Change the API endpoint type to private and test by using the production URL.

C.  

Create a new API Gateway stage for testing and use stage variables to route traffic to the updated Lambda function.

D.  

Deploy a separate CloudFormation stack that duplicates the production API and Lambda function.

Discussion 0
Questions 22

A company ' s developer has deployed an application in AWS by using AWS CloudFormation The CloudFormation stack includes parameters in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store that the application uses as configuration settings. The application can modify the parameter values

When the developer updated the stack to create additional resources with tags, the developer noted that the parameter values were reset and that the values ignored the latest changes made by the application. The developer needs to change the way the company deploys the CloudFormation stack. The developer also needs to avoid resetting the parameter values outside the stack.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?

Options:

A.  

Modify the CloudFormation stack to set the deletion policy to Retain for the Parameter Store parameters.

B.  

Create an Amazon DynamoDB table as a resource in the CloudFormation stack to hold configuration data for the application Migrate the parameters that the application is modifying from Parameter Store to the DynamoDB table

C.  

Create an Amazon RDS DB instance as a resource in the CloudFormation stack. Create a table in the database for parameter configuration. Migrate the parameters that the application is modifying from Parameter Store to the configuration table

D.  

Modify the CloudFormation stack policy to deny updates on Parameter Store parameters

Discussion 0
Questions 23

A company has an application that uses an AWS Lambda function to process customer orders. The company notices that the application processes some orders more than once.

A developer needs to update the application to prevent duplicate processing.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST implementation effort?

Options:

A.  

Implement a de-duplication mechanism that uses Amazon DynamoDB as the control database. Configure the Lambda function to check for the existence of a unique identifier before processing each event.

B.  

Create a custom Amazon ECS task to perform idempotency checks. Use AWS Step Functions to integrate the ECS task with the Lambda function.

C.  

Configure the Lambda function to retry failed invocations. Implement a retry mechanism that has a fixed delay between attempts to handle duplicate events.

D.  

Use Amazon Athena to query processed events to identify duplicate records. Add processing logic to the Lambda function to handle the duplication scenarios that the query identifies.

Discussion 0
Questions 24

Users are reporting errors in an application. The application consists of several micro services that are deployed on Amazon Elastic Container Serves (Amazon ECS) with AWS Fargate.

When combination of steps should a developer take to fix the errors? (Select TWO)

Options:

A.  

Deploy AWS X-Ray as a sidecar container to the micro services. Update the task role policy to allow access to me X -Ray API.

B.  

Deploy AWS X-Ray as a daemon set to the Fargate cluster. Update the service role policy to allow access to the X-Ray API.

C.  

Instrument the application by using the AWS X-Ray SDK. Update the application to use the Put-XrayTrace API call to communicate with the X-Ray API.

D.  

Instrument the application by using the AWS X-Ray SDK. Update the application to communicate with the X-Ray daemon.

E.  

Instrument the ECS task to send the stout and spider- output to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Update the task role policy to allow the cloudwatch Putlogs action.

Discussion 0
Questions 25

A developer is designing an event-driven architecture. An AWS Lambda function that processes data needs to push processed data to a subset of four consumer Lambda functions. The data must be routed based on the value of one field in the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service {Amazon SQS) queue and even! source mapping for each consumer Lambda function. Add message routing logic to the data-processing Lambda function.

B.  

Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the four consumer Lambda functions to the topic. Add message filtering logic to each consumer Lambda function. Subscribe the data-processing Lambda function to the SNS topic.

C.  

Create a separate Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic and subscription for each consumer Lambda function. Add message routing logic to the data-processing Lambda function to publish to the appropriate topic.

D.  

Create a single Amazon Simple Notification Service {Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the four consumer Lambda functions to the topic. Add SNS subscription filter policies to each subscription. Configure the data-processing Lambda function to publish to the topic.

Discussion 0
Questions 26

A company is building a new application that runs on AWS and uses Amazon API Gateway to expose APIs Teams of developers are working on separate components of the application in parallel The company wants to publish an API without an integrated backend so that teams that depend on the application backend can continue the development work before the API backend development is complete.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create API Gateway resources and set the integration type value to MOCK Configure the method integration request and integration response to associate a response with an HTTP status code Create an API Gateway stage and deploy the API.

B.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that returns mocked responses and various HTTP status codes. Create API Gateway resources and set the integration type value to AWS_PROXY Deploy the API.

C.  

Create an EC2 application that returns mocked HTTP responses Create API Gateway resources and set the integration type value to AWS Create an API Gateway stage and deploy the API.

D.  

Create API Gateway resources and set the integration type value set to HTTP_PROXY. Add mapping templates and deploy the API. Create an AWS Lambda layer that returns various HTTP status codes Associate the Lambda layer with the API deployment

Discussion 0
Questions 27

A financial company must store original customer records for 10 years for legal reasons. A complete record contains personally identifiable information (PII). According to local regulations, PII is available to only certain people in the company and must not be shared with third parties. The company needs to make the records available to third-party organizations for statistical analysis without sharing the PII.

A developer wants to store the original immutable record in Amazon S3. Depending on who accesses the S3 document, the document should be returned as is or with all the PII removed. The developer has written an AWS Lambda function to remove the PII from the document. The function is named removePii.

What should the developer do so that the company can meet the PII requirements while maintaining only one copy of the document?

Options:

A.  

Set up an S3 event notification that invokes the removePii function when an S3 GET request is made. Call Amazon S3 by using a GET request to access the object without PII.

B.  

Set up an S3 event notification that invokes the removePii function when an S3 PUT request is made. Call Amazon S3 by using a PUT request to access the object without PII.

C.  

Create an S3 Object Lambda access point from the S3 console. Select the removePii function. Use S3 Access Points to access the object without PII.

D.  

Create an S3 access point from the S3 console. Use the access point name to call the GetObjectLegalHold S3 API function. Pass in the removePii function name to access the object without PII.

Discussion 0
Questions 28

A developer wants to reduce risk when deploying a new version of an existing AWS Lambda function. To test the Lambda function, the developer needs to split the traffic between the existing version and the new version of the Lambda function.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Configure a weighted routing policy in Amazon Route 53. Associate the versions of the Lambda function with the weighted routing policy.

B.  

Create a function alias. Configure the alias to split the traffic between the two versions of the Lambda function.

C.  

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that uses the Lambda function as a target. Configure the ALB to split the traffic between the two versions of the Lambda function.

D.  

Create the new version of the Lambda function as a Lambda layer on the existing version. Configure the function to split the traffic between the two layers.

Discussion 0
Questions 29

A developer maintains an Amazon API Gateway REST API. Customers use the API through a frontend UI and Amazon Cognito authentication.

The developer has a new version of the API that contains new endpoints and backward-incompatible interface changes. The developer needs to provide beta access to other developers on the team without affecting customers.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Define a development stage on the API Gateway API. Instruct the other developers to point the endpoints to the development stage.

B.  

Define a new API Gateway API that points to the new API application code. Instruct the other developers to point the endpoints to the new API.

C.  

Implement a query parameter in the API application code that determines which code version to call.

D.  

Specify new API Gateway endpoints for the API endpoints that the developer wants to add.

Discussion 0
Questions 30

A developer is migrating some features from a legacy monolithic application to use AWS Lambda functions instead. The application currently stores data in an Amazon Aurora DB cluster that runs in private subnets in a VPC. The AWS account has one VPC deployed. The Lambda functions and the DB cluster are deployed in the same AWS Region in the same AWS account.

The developer needs to ensure that the Lambda functions can securely access the DB cluster without crossing the public internet.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Configure the DB cluster ' s public access setting to Yes.

B.  

Configure an Amazon RDS database proxy for the Lambda functions.

C.  

Configure a NAT gateway and a security group for the Lambda functions.

D.  

Configure the VPC, subnets, and a security group for the Lambda functions.

Discussion 0
Questions 31

A developer is configuring an applications deployment environment in AWS CodePipeine. The application code is stored in a GitHub repository. The developer wants to ensure that the repository package ' s unit tests run in the new deployment environment. The deployment has already set the pipeline ' s source provider to GitHub and has specified the repository and branch to use in the deployment.

When combination of steps should the developer take next to meet these requirements with the least the LEAST overhead ' (Select TWO).

Options:

A.  

Create an AWS CodeCommt project. Add the repository package ' s build and test commands to the protects buildspec

B.  

Create an AWS CodeBuid project. Add the repository package ' s build and test commands to the projects buildspec

C.  

Create an AWS CodeDeploy protect. Add the repository package ' s build and test commands to the project ' s buildspec

D.  

Add an action to the source stage. Specify the newly created project as the action provider. Specify the build attract as the actions input artifact.

E.  

Add a new stage to the pipeline alter the source stage. Add an action to the new stage. Speedy the newly created protect as the action provider. Specify the source artifact as the action ' s input artifact.

Discussion 0
Questions 32

A developer is working on a serverless application that needs to process any changes to an Amazon DynamoDB table with an AWS Lambda function.

How should the developer configure the Lambda function to detect changes to the DynamoDB table?

Options:

A.  

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream, and attach it to the DynamoDB table. Create a trigger to connect the data stream to the Lambda function.

B.  

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function on a regular schedule. Conned to the DynamoDB table from the Lambda function to detect changes.

C.  

Enable DynamoDB Streams on the table. Create a trigger to connect the DynamoDB stream to the Lambda function.

D.  

Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream, and attach it to the DynamoDB table. Configure the delivery stream destination as the Lambda function.

Discussion 0
Questions 33

An ecommerce company has an integration with a payment processing service that publishes messages about payment activities to an Amazon SNS topic. A developer is building an AWS Lambda function to process payment refunds from the SNS topic. The Lambda function must process only messages related to refunds. Which solution will meet this requirement in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

A.  

Use a Lambda event filter to allow only refund messages from the SNS topic to invoke the Lambda function.

B.  

Change the Lambda function code to check the received message type. Configure the function to stop processing immediately if the message is not a refund message.

C.  

Use SNS subscription filter policies to allow only refund messages from the topic to invoke the Lambda function.

D.  

Configure the Lambda function to increase the BatchSize parameter and the MaximumBatchingWindowInSeconds parameter. Update the Lambda function code to handle batches of messages.

Discussion 0
Questions 34

A company ' s application uses an Amazon API Gateway REST API and AWS Lambda functions to upload media files to and fetch media files from a standard Amazon S3 Standard bucket. The company runs a nightly job on an Amazon EC2 instance to create dashboards and other visualizations for application users. The job usually runs for 1 to 2 hours.

A developer observes request throttling while the function is running. The application generates multiple 429 exceptions in the Lambda function logs when files do not process successfully. The developer needs to resolve the issue and ensure that all of the application ingests all files.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration on the bucket. Use the appropriate endpoint.

B.  

Call the CreateMultipartUpload API in the Lambda functions to upload the files in pieces.

C.  

Implement the retry with a backoff pattern in the Lambda functions.

D.  

Set up an S3 Lifecycle policy to automatically move the media files to the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class.

Discussion 0
Questions 35

A developer uses AWS IAM Identity Center to interact with the AWS CLI and AWS SDKs on a local workstation. API calls to AWS services were working when the SSO access was first configured. However, the developer is now receiving Access Denied errors. The developer has not changed any configuration files or scripts that were previously working on the workstation.

What is the MOST likely cause of the developer ' s access issue?

Options:

A.  

The access permissions to the developer ' s AWS CLI binary file have changed.

B.  

The permission set that is assumed by IAM Identity Center does not have the necessary permissions to complete the API call.

C.  

The credentials from the IAM Identity Center federated role have expired.

D.  

The developer is attempting to make API calls to the incorrect AWS account.

Discussion 0
Questions 36

A company offers a business-to-business software service that runs on dedicated infrastructure deployed in each customer ' s AWS account. Before a feature release, the company needs to run integration tests on real AWS test infrastructure. The test infrastructure consists of Amazon EC2 instances and an Amazon RDS database.

A developer must set up a continuous delivery process that will provision the test infrastructure across the different AWS accounts. The developer then must run the integration tests.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative effort?

Options:

A.  

Use AWS CodeDeploy with AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy the infrastructure. Use Amazon CodeGuru to run the tests.

B.  

Use AWS CodePipeline with AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy the infrastructure. Use AWS CodeBuild to run the tests.

C.  

Use AWS CodePipeline with AWS CloudFormation change sets to deploy the infrastructure. Use a CloudFormation custom resource to run the tests.

D.  

Use AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) templates with AWS CloudFormation change sets to deploy the infrastructure. Use AWS CodeDeploy to run the tests.

Discussion 0
Questions 37

A developer is using AWS Amplify Hosting to build and deploy an application. The developer is receiving an increased number of bug reports from users. The developer wants to add end-to-end testing to the application to eliminate as many bugs as possible before the bugs reach production.

Which solution should the developer implement to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Run the amplify add test command in the Amplify CLI.

B.  

Create unit tests in the application. Deploy the unit tests by using the amplify push command in the Amplify CLI.

C.  

Add a test phase to the amplify.yml build settings for the application.

D.  

Add a test phase to the aws-exports.js file for the application.

Discussion 0
Questions 38

A developer must securely access a secret during a build process in an AWS CodeBuild project that has an IAM role. The secret must remain encrypted at rest and must be passed to the buildspec.yml file without appearing in build logs .

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead ?

Options:

A.  

Store the secret in AWS Secrets Manager. Reference the secret in the env section of the buildspec.yml file by using secrets-manager. Grant the CodeBuild IAM role least-privilege access.

B.  

Store the secret in an encrypted Amazon S3 bucket and download it during the build.

C.  

Store the secret in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store and reference it in the env section by using parameter-store.

D.  

Retrieve the parameter manually in a pre-build phase and mask it in the build logs.

Discussion 0
Questions 39

An application interacts with Amazon Aurora to store and track customer information. The primary database is set up with multiple read replicas for improving the performance of the read queries. However, one of the Aurora replicas is receiving most or all of the traffic, while the other Aurora replica remains idle.

How can this issue be resolved?

Options:

A.  

Disable application-level DNS caching.

B.  

Enable application-level DNS caching.

C.  

Enable application pooling.

D.  

Disable application pooling.

Discussion 0
Questions 40

An application uses an Amazon API Gateway API that is integrated with an AWS Lambda function. Specific API requests are returning the HTTP 504 (Gateway Timeout) error message. The Lambda function is configured with a 20-second timeout. The API Gateway integration is configured with a 15-second timeout and a rate of 10 requests every second. There are no errors in the logs for the Lambda function. Which solution will prevent the HTTP 504 error responses?

Options:

A.  

Increase the reserved concurrency of the Lambda function.

B.  

Increase the timeout of the Lambda function.

C.  

Increase the timeout of the API Gateway integration.

D.  

Increase the per-client throttling limit.

Discussion 0
Questions 41

A developer is using AWS CodeDeploy to automate a company ' s application deployments to Amazon EC2.

Which application specification file properties are required to ensure the software deployments do not fail? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

The file must be a JSON-formatted file named appspec.json.

B.  

The file must be a YAML-formatted file named appspec.yml.

C.  

The file must be stored in AWS CodeBuild and referenced from the application ' s source code.

D.  

The file must be placed in the root of the directory structure of the application ' s source code.

E.  

The file must be stored in Amazon S3 and referenced from the application ' s source code.

Discussion 0
Questions 42

A developer is building a serverless application that uses asynchronous AWS Lambda functions. The developer needs a solution to capture records of every Lambda function invocation. Each function must have multiple destinations based on whether each invocation is successful. The solution must record function responses in JSON format.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Amazon CloudWatch Logs log groups that use the default log format for Lambda functions. Route each invocation to the appropriate log group by using a Lambda canary deployment and weighted aliases. Set the appropriate log group as the target for each function.

B.  

Set up an S3 bucket as an on-failure destination for the Lambda function. Configure an Amazon SNS topic as the destination for successful Lambda function invocations.

C.  

Configure an Amazon SQS dead-letter queue as an event source for the Lambda function to store failed invocations. In the Lambda function code, use the PutItem Amazon DynamoDB API call to add the successful invocation information to the database.

D.  

Set up an Amazon SQS queue as an on-failure destination for the Lambda function. Configure an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster as the destination for the Lambda function for successful invocations.

Discussion 0
Questions 43

A company is using the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) to develop a social media application. A developer needs a quick way to test AWS Lambda functions locally by using test event payloads. The developer needs the structure of these test event payloads to match the actual events that AWS services create.

Options:

A.  

Create shareable test Lambda events. Use these test Lambda events for local testing.

B.  

Store manually created test event payloads locally. Use the sam local invoke command with the file path to the payloads.

C.  

Store manually created test event payloads in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use the sam local invoke command with the S3 path to the payloads.

D.  

Use the sam local generate-event command to create test payloads for local testing.

Discussion 0
Questions 44

A company uses more than 100 AWS Lambda functions to handle application services. One Lambda function is critical and must always run successfully. The company notices that occasionally, the critical Lambda function does not initiate. The company investigates the issue and discovers instances of the Lambda TooManyRequestsException: Rate Exceeded error in Amazon CloudWatch logs. Upon further review of the logs, the company notices that some of the non-critical functions run properly while the critical function fails. A developer must resolve the errors and ensure that the critical Lambda function runs successfully. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Configure reserved concurrency for the critical Lambda function. Set reserved concurrent executions to the appropriate level.

B.  

Configure provisioned concurrency for the critical Lambda function. Set provisioned concurrent executions to the appropriate level.

C.  

Configure CloudWatch alarms for TooManyRequestsException errors. Add the critical Lambda function as an alarm state change action to invoke the critical function again after a failure.

D.  

Configure CloudWatch alarms for TooManyRequestsException errors. Add Amazon EventBridge as an action for the alarm state change. Use EventBridge to invoke the critical function again after a failure.

Discussion 0
Questions 45

A company wants to use AWS AppConfig to gradually deploy a new feature to 15% of users to test the feature before a full deployment.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Set up a custom script within the application to randomly select 15% of users. Assign a flag for the new feature to the selected users.

B.  

Create separate AWS AppConfig feature flags for both groups of users. Configure the flags to target 15% of users.

C.  

Create an AWS AppConfig feature flag. Define a variant for the new feature, and create a rule to target 15% of users.

D.  

Use AWS AppConfig to create a feature flag without variants. Implement a custom traffic splitting mechanism in the application code.

Discussion 0
Questions 46

A financial services company builds a credit card transaction processing application that uses an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API and AWS Lambda functions. The application logs all requests and request parameters to Amazon CloudWatch. The application makes the logs accessible to developer AWS accounts and a separate fraud detection AWS account by using a cross-account IAM role .

The company requires that only the fraud detection account be able to view customer credit card numbers that are associated with the transactions. Developers at the company must not be able to use the credit card numbers for testing or debugging.

The developers create the following data protection policy document snippet:

{

" Name " : " data-protection-policy " ,

" Description " : " Credit card redaction " ,

" Version " : " 2021-06-01 " ,

" Statement " : [{

" Sid " : " redact-policy " ,

" DataIdentifier " : [

" arn:aws:dataprotection::aws:data-identifier/CreditCardNumber "

],

" Operation " : {

" Deidentify " : {

" MaskConfig " : {}

}

}

}]

}

Which combination of actions must the developers take to comply with the new policy? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Add an UnmaskConfig property to the Operation property of the data protection policy. Specify the role that the fraud detection account must assume.

B.  

Add the logs:Unmask permission to the IAM role that the fraud detection account must assume.

C.  

Add the data protection policy to the CloudWatch log group that captures logs for the HTTP API.

D.  

Add the data protection policy to the CloudWatch log group in the account that hosts the application.

E.  

Add the data protection policy to the IAM role that the fraud detection account must assume.

Discussion 0
Questions 47

A company with multiple branch locations has an analytics and reporting application. Each branch office pushes a sales report to a shared Amazon S3 bucket at a predefined time each day. The company has developed an AWS Lambda function that analyzes the reports from all branch offices in a single pass. The Lambda function stores the results in a database.

The company needs to start the analysis once each day at a specific time.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.  

Configure an S3 event notification to invoke the Lambda function when a branch office uploads a sales report.

B.  

Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that invokes the Lambda function once each day at the predefined time.

C.  

Configure the Lambda function to run continuously and to begin analysis only at the predefined time each day.

D.  

Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule that invokes the Lambda function once each day at the predefined time.

Discussion 0
Questions 48

A company has an Amazon S3 bucket that contains sensitive data. The data must be encrypted in transit and at rest. The company encrypts the data in the S3 bucket by using an AWS KMS key. A developer needs to grant several other AWS accounts the permission to use the S3 GetObject operation to retrieve the data from the S3 bucket.

How can the developer enforce that all requests to retrieve the data provide encryption in transit?

Options:

A.  

Define a resource-based policy on the S3 bucket to deny access when a request meets the condition " aws:SecureTransport " : " false " .

B.  

Define a resource-based policy on the S3 bucket to allow access when a request meets the condition " aws:SecureTransport " : " false " .

C.  

Define a role-based policy on the other accounts ' roles to deny access when a request meets the condition " aws:SecureTransport " : " false " .

D.  

Define a resource-based policy on the KMS key to deny access when a request meets the condition " aws:SecureTransport " : " false " .

Discussion 0
Questions 49

A software company is launching a multimedia application. The application will allow guest users to access sample content before the users decide if they want to create an account to gain full access. The company wants to implement an authentication process that can identify users who have already created an account. The company also needs to keep track of the number of guest users who eventually create an account.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? {Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Create an Amazon Cognito user pool. Configure the user pool to allow unauthenticated users. Exchange user tokens for temporary credentials that allow authenticated users to assume a role.

B.  

Create an Amazon Cognito identity pool. Configure the identity pool to allow unauthenticated users. Exchange unique identity for temporary credentials that allow all users to assume a role.

C.  

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Configure the distribution to allow unauthenticated users. Exchange user tokens for temporary credentials that allow all users to assume a role.

D.  

Create a role for authenticated users that allows access to all content. Create a role for unauthenticated users that allows access to only the sample content.

E.  

Allow all users to access the sample content by default. Create a role for authenticated users that allows access to the other content.

Discussion 0
Questions 50

A developer is building two microservices that communicate by using an Amazon SQS queue. The messages exchanged between the microservices contain sensitive information . The developer must ensure that the messages are encrypted at rest .

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Add a policy to the SQS queue that enforces the aws:SecureTransport condition.

B.  

Configure the microservices to enable server-side encryption (SSE) within the message payloads.

C.  

Enable server-side encryption (SSE) on the Amazon SQS queue and include the sensitive information in the message body.

D.  

Transmit the sensitive information as message attributes instead of the message body.

Discussion 0
Questions 51

An ecommerce company is developing a serverless application to track user activities. The company needs to track each type of activity with a timestamp and a unique product ID. The company also must track actions that are associated with each activity, such as product views, shopping cart actions, purchases, and checkout processes.

The company is planning a marketing campaign based on each user ' s activity. A developer needs to implement a partitioning strategy for an Amazon DynamoDB table to meet the data storage and access requirements for the application. The strategy must maximize provisioned throughput efficiency while minimizing the risk of throttling.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create a composite primary key. Set the user ID as the partition key and the timestamp as the sort key.

B.  

Create a composite primary key. Set the product ID as the partition key and the associated actions as the sort key.

C.  

Use the product ID as the partition key. Create an Application Auto Scaling policy to update the table’s provisioned throughput when the table exceeds its capacity usage target.

D.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that adds a counter attribute that increases by one for each new record. Use the counter attribute as the partition key.

Discussion 0
Questions 52

A developer has designed an application to store incoming data as JSON files in Amazon S3 objects. Custom business logic in an AWS Lambda function then transforms the objects, and the Lambda function loads the data into an Amazon DynamoDB table. Recently, the workload has experienced sudden and significant changes in traffic. The flow of data to the DynamoDB table is becoming throttled.

The developer needs to implement a solution to eliminate the throttling and load the data into the DynamoDB table more consistently.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Refactor the Lambda function into two functions. Configure one function to transform the data and one function to load the data into the DynamoDB table. Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue in between the functions to hold the items as messages and to invoke the second function.

B.  

Turn on auto scaling for the DynamoDB table. Use Amazon CloudWatch to monitor the table ' s read and write capacity metrics and to track consumed capacity.

C.  

Create an alias for the Lambda function. Configure provisioned concurrency for the application to use.

D.  

Refactor the Lambda function into two functions. Configure one function to store the data in the DynamoDB table. Configure the second function to process the data and update the items after the data is stored in DynamoDB. Create a DynamoDB stream to invoke the second function after the data isstored.

Discussion 0
Questions 53

A company has an ecommerce application. To track product reviews, the company ' s development team uses an Amazon DynamoDB table.

Every record includes the following

• A Review ID a 16-digrt universally unique identifier (UUID)

• A Product ID and User ID 16 digit UUlDs that reference other tables

• A Product Rating on a scale of 1-5

• An optional comment from the user

The table partition key is the Review ID. The most performed query against the table is to find the 10 reviews with the highest rating for a given product.

Which index will provide the FASTEST response for this query " ?

Options:

A.  

A global secondary index (GSl) with Product ID as the partition key and Product Rating as the sort key

B.  

A global secondary index (GSl) with Product ID as the partition key and Review ID as the sort key

C.  

A local secondary index (LSI) with Product ID as the partition key and Product Rating as the sort key

D.  

A local secondary index (LSI) with Review ID as the partition key and Product ID as the sort key

Discussion 0
Questions 54

A company had an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance that was named mysql-db. The DB instance was deleted within the past 90 days.

A developer needs to find which IAM user or role deleted the DB instance in the AWS environment.

Which solution will provide this information?

Options:

A.  

Retrieve the AWS CloudTrail events for the resource mysql-db where the event name is DeleteDBInstance. Inspect each event.

B.  

Retrieve the Amazon CloudWatch log events from the most recent log stream within the rds/mysql-db log group. Inspect the log events.

C.  

Retrieve the AWS X-Ray trace summaries. Filter by services with the name mysql-db. Inspect the ErrorRootCauses values within each summary.

D.  

Retrieve the AWS Systems Manager deletions inventory. Filter the inventory by deletions that have a TypeName value of RDS. Inspect the deletion details.

Discussion 0
Questions 55

A developer is designing a serverless application with two AWS Lambda functions to process photos. One Lambda function stores objects in an Amazon S3 bucket and stores the associated metadata in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The other Lambda function fetches the objects from the S3 bucket by using the metadata from the DynamoDB table. Both Lambda functions use the same Python library to perform complex computations and are approaching the quota for the maximum size of zipped deployment packages.

What should the developer do to reduce the size of the Lambda deployment packages with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Package each Python library in its own .zip file archive. Deploy each Lambda function with its own copy of the library.

B.  

Create a Lambda layer with the required Python library. Use the Lambda layer in both Lambda functions.

C.  

Combine the two Lambda functions into one Lambda function. Deploy the Lambda function as a single .zip file archive.

D.  

Download the Python library to an S3 bucket. Program the Lambda functions to reference the object URLs.

Discussion 0
Questions 56

A development team wants to run their container workloads on Amazon ECS. Each application container needs to share data with another container to collect logs and metrics.

What should the development team do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create two pod specifications. Make one to include the application container and the other to include the other container. Link the two pods together.

B.  

Create two task definitions. Make one to include the application container and the other to include the other container. Mount a shared volume between the two tasks.

C.  

Create one task definition. Specify both containers in the definition. Mount a shared volume between those two containers.

D.  

Create a single pod specification. Include both containers in the specification. Mount a persistent volume to both containers.

Discussion 0
Questions 57

A company is using an AWS Lambda function to process records from an Amazon Kinesis data stream. The company recently observed slow processing of the records. A developer notices that the iterator age metric for the function is increasing and that the Lambda run duration is constantly above normal.

Which actions should the developer take to increase the processing speed? (Choose two.)

Options:

A.  

Increase the number of shards of the Kinesis data stream.

B.  

Decrease the timeout of the Lambda function.

C.  

Increase the memory that is allocated to the Lambda function.

D.  

Decrease the number of shards of the Kinesis data stream.

E.  

Increase the timeout of the Lambda function.

Discussion 0
Questions 58

A developer at a company recently created a serverless application to process and show data from business reports. The application ' s user interface (UI) allows users to select and start processing the files. The Ul displays a message when the result is available to view. The application uses AWS Step Functions with AWS Lambda functions to process the files. The developer used Amazon API Gateway and Lambda functions to create an API to support the UI.

The company ' s Ul team reports that the request to process a file is often returning timeout errors because of the see or complexity of the files. The Ul team wants the API to provide an immediate response so that the Ul can deploy a message while the files are being processed. The backend process that is invoked by the API needs to send an email message when the report processing is complete.

What should the developer do to configure the API to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Change the API Gateway route to add an X-Amz-Invocation-Type header win a sialic value of ' Event ' in the integration request Deploy the API Gateway stage to apply the changes.

B.  

Change the configuration of the Lambda function that implements the request to process a file. Configure the maximum age of the event so that the Lambda function will ion asynchronously.

C.  

Change the API Gateway timeout value to match the Lambda function ominous value. Deploy the API Gateway stage to apply the changes.

D.  

Change the API Gateway route to add an X-Amz-Target header with a static value of ' A sync ' in the integration request Deploy me API Gateway stage to apply the changes.

Discussion 0
Questions 59

A developer is creating an ecommerce workflow in an AWS Step Functions state machine that includes a HTTP Task state. The task passes shipping information and order details to an endpoint.

The developer needs to test the workflow to confirm that the HTTP headers and body are correct and that the responses meet expectations.

Options:

A.  

Use the TestState API to invoke only the HTTP Task. Set the inspection level to TRACE.

B.  

Use the TestState API to invoke the state machine. Set the inspection level to DEBUG.

C.  

Use the data flow simulator to invoke only the HTTP Task. View the request and response data.

D.  

Change the log level of the state machine to ALL. Run the state machine.

Discussion 0
Questions 60

An ecommerce startup is preparing for an annual sales event. As the traffic to the company ' s application increases, the development team wants to be notified when the Amazon EC2 instance ' s CPU utilization exceeds 80%.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Create a custom Amazon CloudWatch alarm that sends a notification to an Amazon SNS topic when the CPU utilization exceeds 80%.

B.  

Create a custom AWS CloudTrail alarm that sends a notification to an Amazon SNS topic when the CPU utilization exceeds 80%.

C.  

Create a cron job on the EC2 instance that invokes the --describe-instance-information command on the host instance every 15 minutes and sends the results to an Amazon SNS topic.

D.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that queries the AWS CloudTrail logs for the CPUUtilization metric every 15 minutes and sends a notification to an Amazon SNS topic when the CPU utilization exceeds 80%.

Discussion 0
Questions 61

An application is using Amazon Cognito user pools and identity pools for secure access. A developer wants to integrate the user-specific file upload and download features in the application with Amazon S3. The developer must ensure that the files are saved and retrieved in a secure manner and that users can access only their own files. The file sizes range from 3 KB to 300 MB.

Which option will meet these requirements with the HIGHEST level of security?

Options:

A.  

Use S3 Event Notifications to validate the file upload and download requests and update the user interface (UI).

B.  

Save the details of the uploaded files in a separate Amazon DynamoDB table. Filter the list of files in the user interface (UI) by comparing the current user ID with the user ID associated with the file in the table.

C.  

Use Amazon API Gateway and an AWS Lambda function to upload and download files. Validate each request in the Lambda function before performing the requested operation.

D.  

Use an IAM policy within the Amazon Cognito identity prefix to restrict users to use their own folders in Amazon S3.

Discussion 0
Questions 62

A data visualization company wants to strengthen the security of its core applications The applications are deployed on AWS across its development staging, pre-production, and production environments. The company needs to encrypt all of its stored sensitive credentials The sensitive credentials need to be automatically rotated Aversion of the sensitive credentials need to be stored for each environment

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

A.  

Configure AWS Secrets Manager versions to store different copies of the same credentials across multiple environments

B.  

Create a new parameter version in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store for each environment Store the environment-specific credentials in the parameter version.

C.  

Configure the environment variables in the application code Use different names for each environment type

D.  

Configure AWS Secrets Manager to create a new secret for each environment type. Store the environment-specific credentials in the secret

Discussion 0
Questions 63

A developer is modifying a large-scale IoT application that stores device telemetry data in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The telemetry data is valuable only for a limited time, but the application stores the data indefinitely. Data storage is slowing the application down. The developer needs a solution to improve the performance of the application.

Which solution will meet this requirement in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

A.  

Create an AWS Lambda function to run an Amazon EventBridge job on a schedule to scan the DynamoDB table for old items and to delete them.

B.  

Archive old data in an Amazon S3 bucket. Set up an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition old data to a more cost-effective storage class.

C.  

Set a TTL attribute for the telemetry data. Activate TTL on the DynamoDB table.

D.  

Change the table to on-demand capacity mode.

Discussion 0
Questions 64

A company hosts a stateless web application with low data storage in a single AWS Region. The company wants to increase the resiliency of the application to include a multi-Region presence. The company wants to set the recovery time objective (RTO) and recovery point objective (RPO) to hours. The company needs a low-cost and low-complexity disaster recovery (DR) strategy.

Which DR strategy should the company use?

Options:

A.  

Warm standby

B.  

Pilot light

C.  

Backup and restore

D.  

Multi-site active-active

Discussion 0
Questions 65

A developer is writing a web application that must share secure documents with end users. The documents are stored in a private Amazon S3 bucket. The application must allow only authenticated users to download specific documents when requested, and only for a duration of 15 minutes.

How can the developer meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Copy the documents to a separate S3 bucket that has a lifecycle policy for deletion after 15 minutes.

B.  

Create a presigned S3 URL using the AWS SDK with an expiration time of 15 minutes.

C.  

Use server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed keys (SSE-KMS) and download the documents using HTTPS.

D.  

Modify the S3 bucket policy to only allow specific users to download the documents. Revert the change after 15 minutes.

Discussion 0
Questions 66

A developer is building a process flow that invokes two AWS Lambda functions. The Lambda functions write logs to Amazon CloudWatch. Each run of the process has a unique request ID that flows to both Lambda functions.

The developer encounters a failure in the process flow. The developer wants to use the request IDs to analyze the flow logs.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?

Options:

A.  

Use an AWS SDK to query the logs from Amazon CloudWatch.

B.  

Export the log data for a specific time range to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the S3 bucket.

C.  

Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to query log groups for the Lambda functions. Filter on the request IDs.

D.  

Use Amazon CloudWatch Live Tail to examine log groups for both Lambda functions, and check for the error.

Discussion 0
Questions 67

A company is creating a new application that gives users the ability to upload and share short video files. The average size of the video files is 10 MB. After a user uploads a file, a message needs to be placed into an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue so the file can be processed. The files need to be accessible for processing within 5 minutes.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.  

Write the files to Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive. Add the S3 location of the files to the SQS queue.

B.  

Write the files to Amazon S3 Standard. Add the S3 location of the files to the SQS queue.

C.  

Write the files to an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) General Purpose SSD volume. Add the EBS location of the files to the SQS queue.

D.  

Write messages that contain the contents of the uploaded files to the SQS queue.

Discussion 0
Questions 68

A developer is building an ecommerce application that uses multiple AWS Lambda functions. Each function performs a specific step in a customer order workflow, such as order processing and inventory management.

The developer must ensure that the Lambda functions run in a specific order.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue to contain messages about each step a function must perform. Configure the Lambda functions to run sequentially based on the order of messages in the SQS queue.

B.  

Configure an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to contain notifications about each step a function must perform. Subscribe the Lambda functions to the SNS topic. Use subscription filters based on the step each function must perform.

C.  

Configure an AWS Step Functions state machine to invoke the Lambda functions in a specific order.

D.  

Configure Amazon EventBridge Scheduler schedules to invoke the Lambda functions in a specific order.

Discussion 0
Questions 69

A developer is incorporating AWS X-Ray into an application that handles personal identifiable information (PII). The application is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances. The application trace messages include encrypted PII and go to Amazon CloudWatch. The developer needs to ensure that no PII goes outside of the EC2 instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Manually instrument the X-Ray SDK in the application code.

B.  

Use the X-Ray auto-instrumentation agent.

C.  

Use Amazon Macie to detect and hide PII. Call the X-Ray API from AWS Lambda.

D.  

Use AWS Distro for Open Telemetry.

Discussion 0
Questions 70

A social media application stores millions of video clips in Amazon S3 and serves them to users across the world. The traffic to the application varies, but access often increases suddenly to more than 10,000 PUT requests and GET requests each second. As the application has grown in popularity, users report poor quality of video streaming. Which solution will provide the LARGEST improvement in performance?

Options:

A.  

Create an Amazon Route 53 geolocation routing policy.

B.  

Duplicate content in multiple AWS Regions by using S3 Cross-Region Replication.

C.  

Use S3 Intelligent-Tiering to move data based on access patterns.

D.  

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with Amazon S3 as an origin.

Discussion 0
Questions 71

A company runs a serverless application that uses several AWS Lambda functions. The existing Lambda functions run in a VPC. The Lambda functions query public APIs successfully.

To add a new feature to the application, a developer creates a new Lambda function to query external public APIs. The new Lambda function must store aggregated results in an Amazon RDS database that is in a private subnet of the VPC. The developer configures VPC access for the new Lambda function and sets up a working connection to the RDS database. The requests that the new Lambda function makes to the external APIs fail. However, requests from the developer’s local workstation to the same APIs are successful.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Provision an elastic network interface for the new Lambda function.

B.  

Provision a NAT gateway in a public subnet in the VPC.

C.  

Provision an outbound rule for the new Lambda function ' s security group to grant internet access.

D.  

Provision a gateway VPC endpoint in a public subnet in the VPC.

Discussion 0
Questions 72

A developer is writing an application that will retrieve sensitive data from a third-party system. The application will format the data into a PDF file. The PDF file could be more than 1 MB. The application will encrypt the data to disk by using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). The application will decrypt the file when a user requests to download it. The retrieval and formatting portions of the application are complete.

The developer needs to use the GenerateDataKey API to encrypt the PDF file so that the PDF file can be decrypted later. The developer needs to use an AWS KMS symmetric customer managed key for encryption.

Which solutions will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Write the encrypted key from the GenerateDataKey API to disk for later use. Use the plaintext key from the GenerateDataKey API and a symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the file.

B.  

Write the plain text key from the GenerateDataKey API to disk for later use. Use the encrypted key from the GenerateDataKey API and a symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the file.

C.  

Write the encrypted key from the GenerateDataKey API to disk for later use. Use the plaintext key from the GenerateDataKey API to encrypt the file by using the KMS Encrypt API

D.  

Write the plain text key from the GenerateDataKey API to disk for later use. Use the encrypted key from the GenerateDataKey API to encrypt the file by using the KMS Encrypt API

Discussion 0
Questions 73

A developer is building an application on AWS. The application has an Amazon API Gateway API that sends requests to an AWS Lambda function. The API is experiencing increased latency because the Lambda function has limited available CPU to fulfill the requests.

Before the developer deploys the API into production, the developer must configure the Lambda function to have more CPU.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Increase the virtual CPU (vCPU) cores quota of the Lambda function.

B.  

Increase the amount of memory that is allocated to the Lambda function.

C.  

Increase the ephemeral storage size of the Lambda function.

D.  

Increase the timeout value of the Lambda function.

Discussion 0
Questions 74

A developer is building a web and mobile application for two types of users: regular users and guest users. Regular users are required to log in, but guest users do not log in. Users should see only their data, regardless of whether they authenticate. Users need AWS credentials before they can access AWS resources.

Options:

A.  

Use an Amazon Cognito identity pool to generate temporary AWS credentials that are linked to an unauthenticated role that has access to the required resources.

B.  

Set up an IAM user that has permissions to the required resources. Hardcode the IAM credentials in the web and mobile application.

C.  

Generate temporary keys that are stored in AWS KMS. Use the temporary keys to access the required resources.

D.  

Generate temporary credentials. Store the temporary credentials in AWS Secrets Manager. Use the temporary credentials to access the required resources.

Discussion 0
Questions 75

A developer manages a website that distributes its content by using Amazon CloudFront. The website ' s static artifacts are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket.

The developer deploys some changes and can see the new artifacts in the S3 bucket. However, the changes do not appear on the webpage that the CloudFront distribution delivers.

How should the developer resolve this issue?

Options:

A.  

Configure S3 Object Lock to update to the latest version of the files every time an S3 object is updated.

B.  

Configure the S3 bucket to clear all old objects from the bucket before new artifacts are uploaded.

C.  

Set CloudFront to invalidate the cache after the artifacts have been deployed to Amazon S3.

D.  

Set CloudFront to modify the distribution origin after the artifacts have been deployed to Amazon S3.

Discussion 0
Questions 76

A company ' s application runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC within private subnets that do not have public internet access. The company uses Amazon CloudWatch to monitor the application.

A developer is troubleshooting an issue with the application. Some performance metrics are not being published to CloudWatch. The developer uses EC2 Instance Connect to access an EC2 instance. The developer verifies that a CloudWatch agent is pre-installed and running.

The developer needs to ensure that the performance metrics are published to CloudWatch.

Which solution will meet this requirement in the MOST secure way?

Options:

A.  

Attach the CloudWatchAgentAdminPolicy managed IAM policy to the IAM role that is associated with the EC2 instance profile. Provision a NAT gateway in a public subnet.

B.  

Add a user data script to install and start up the CloudWatch agent automatically when the EC2 instances are first booted up.

C.  

Attach the CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy managed IAM policy to the IAM role that is associated with the EC2 instance profile. Provision a VPC interface endpoint for CloudWatch.

D.  

Attach the CloudWatchReadOnlyAccess managed IAM policy to the IAM role that is associated with the EC2 instance profile. Provision a VPC interface endpoint for CloudWatch.

Discussion 0
Questions 77

A developer has written a distributed application that uses micro services. The microservices are running on Amazon EC2 instances. Because of message volume, the developer is unable to match log output from each microservice to a specific transaction. The developer needs to analyze the message flow to debug the application.

Which combination of steps should the developer take to meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Download the AWS X-Ray daemon. Install the daemon on an EC2 instance. Ensure that the EC2 instance allows UDP traffic on port 2000.

B.  

Configure an interface VPC endpoint to allow traffic to reach the global AWS X-Ray daemon on TCP port 2000.

C.  

Enable AWS X-Ray. Configure Amazon CloudWatch to push logs to X-Ray.

D.  

Add the AWS X-Ray software development kit (SDK) to the microservices. Use X-Ray to trace requests that each microservice makes.

E.  

Set up Amazon CloudWatch metric streams to collect streaming data from the microservices.

Discussion 0
Questions 78

A company uses a custom root certificate authority certificate chain (Root CA Cert) that is 10 KB in size generate SSL certificates for its on-premises HTTPS endpoints. One of the company’s cloud based applications has hundreds of AWS Lambda functions that pull date from these endpoints. A developer updated the trust store of the Lambda execution environment to use the Root CA Cert when the Lambda execution environment is initialized. The developer bundled the Root CA Cert as a text file in the Lambdas deployment bundle.

After 3 months of development the root CA Cert is no longer valid and must be updated. The developer needs a more efficient solution to update the Root CA Cert for all deployed Lambda functions. The solution must not include rebuilding or updating all Lambda functions that use the Root CA Cert. The solution must also work for all development, testing and production environment. Each environment is managed in a separate AWS account.

When combination of steps Would the developer take to meet these environments MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO)

Options:

A.  

Store the Root CA Cert as a secret in AWS Secrets Manager. Create a resource-based policy. Add IAM users to allow access to the secret

B.  

Store the Root CA Cert as a Secure Sting parameter in aws Systems Manager Parameter Store Create a resource-based policy. Add IAM users to allow access to the policy.

C.  

Store the Root CA Cert in an Amazon S3 bucket. Create a resource- based policy to allow access to the bucket.

D.  

Refactor the Lambda code to load the Root CA Cert from the Root CA Certs location. Modify the runtime trust store inside the Lambda function handler.

E.  

Refactor the Lambda code to load the Root CA Cert from the Root CA Cert ' s location. Modify the runtime trust store outside the Lambda function handler.

Discussion 0
Questions 79

A developer is writing a serverless application that requires an AWS Lambda function to be invoked every 10 minutes.

What is an automated and serverless way to invoke the function?

Options:

A.  

Deploy an Amazon EC2 instance based on Linux, and edit its /etc/confab file by adding a command to periodically invoke the lambda function

B.  

Configure an environment variable named PERIOD for the Lambda function. Set the value to 600.

C.  

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs on a regular schedule to invoke the Lambda function.

D.  

Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that has a subscription to the Lambda function with a 600-second timer.

Discussion 0
Questions 80

A developer is making changes to a custom application that uses AWS Elastic Beanstalk.

Which solutions will update the Elastic Beanstalk environment with the new application version after the developer completes the changes? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Package the application code into a .zip file. Use the AWS Management Console to upload the .zip file and deploy the packaged application.

B.  

Package the application code into a .tar file. Use the AWS Management Console to create a new application version from the .tar file. Update the environment by using the AWS CLI.

C.  

Package the application code into a .tar file. Use the AWS Management Console to upload the .tar file and deploy the packaged application.

D.  

Package the application code into a .zip file. Use the AWS CLI to create a new application version from the .zip file and to update the environment.

E.  

Package the application code into a .zip file. Use the AWS Management Console to create a new application version from the .zip file. Rebuild the environment by using the AWS CLI.

Discussion 0
Questions 81

A developer received the following error message during an AWS CloudFormation deployment:

Which action should the developer take to resolve this error?

Options:

A.  

Contact AWS Support to report an issue with the Auto Scaling Groups (ASG > service.

B.  

Add a DependsOn attribute to the ASGInstanceRole12345678 resource in the CloudFormation template. Then delete the stack.

C.  

Modify the CloudFormation template to retain the ASGInstanceRolet 2345678 resource. Then manually delete the resource after deployment.

D.  

Add a force parameter when calling CloudFormation with the role-am of ASGInstanceRole12345678.

Discussion 0
Questions 82

A developer deploys an AWS Lambda function that writes data to Amazon DynamoDB. Amazon CloudWatch metrics show that some Lambda invocations result in errors. However, no CloudWatch log entries exist for the function. The function source code includes logging statements before the write operation.

What should the developer do to resolve the missing CloudWatch Logs entries?

Options:

A.  

Grant the Lambda execution role permission to write logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

B.  

Enable CloudWatch Lambda Insights and redeploy the function.

C.  

Enable AWS X-Ray active tracing for the function.

D.  

Add CloudWatch as a trusted identity in the Lambda execution role.

Discussion 0
Questions 83

An application reads data from an Amazon Aurora global database with clusters in two AWS Regions. Database credentials are stored in AWS Secrets Manager in the primary Region and are rotated regularly.

The application must be able to run in both Regions and remain highly available .

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Configure the application to retrieve database credentials from the secret in the primary Region.

B.  

Replicate the secret to the secondary Region and configure the application to retrieve credentials from the replica secret.

C.  

Replicate the secret and promote the replica to a standalone secret.

D.  

Store the database endpoint and credentials as a secret and connect to the secret.

E.  

Store credentials in environment variables in the secondary Region.

Discussion 0
Questions 84

A company recently deployed an AWS Lambda function. A developer notices an increase in the function throttle metrics in Amazon CloudWatch.

What are the MOST operationally efficient solutions to reduce the function throttling? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Migrate the function to Amazon EKS.

B.  

Increase the maximum age of events in Lambda.

C.  

Increase the function’s reserved concurrency.

D.  

Add the lambda:GetFunctionConcurrency action to the execution role.

E.  

Request a service quota change for increased concurrency.

Discussion 0
Questions 85

A developer is building a microservice that uses AWS Lambda to process messages from an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue. The Lambda function calls external APIs to enrich the SOS message data before loading the data into an Amazon Redshift data warehouse. The SOS queue must handle a maximum of 1.000 messages per second.

During initial testing, the Lambda function repeatedly inserted duplicate data into the Amazon Redshift table. The duplicate data led to a problem with data analysis. All duplicate messages were submitted to the queue within 1 minute of each other.

How should the developer resolve this issue?

Options:

A.  

Create an SOS FIFO queue. Enable message deduplication on the SOS FIFO queue.

B.  

Reduce the maximum Lambda concurrency that the SOS queue can invoke.

C.  

Use Lambda ' s temporary storage to keep track of processed message identifiers.

D.  

Configure a message group ID for every sent message. Enable message deduplication on the SQS standard queue.

Discussion 0
Questions 86

A developer is troubleshooting an application in an integration environment. In the application, an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue consumes messages and then an AWS Lambda function processes the messages. The Lambda function transforms the messages and makes an API call to a third-party service.

There has been an increase in application usage. The third-party API frequently returns an HTTP 429 Too Many Requests error message. The error message prevents a significant number of messages from being processed successfully.

How can the developer resolve this issue?

Options:

A.  

Increase the SQS event source ' s batch size setting.

B.  

Configure provisioned concurrency for the Lambda function based on the third-party API ' s documented rate limits.

C.  

Increase the retry attempts and maximum event age in the Lambda function ' s asynchronous configuration.

D.  

Configure maximum concurrency on the SQS event source based on the third-party service ' s documented rate limits.

Discussion 0
Questions 87

A company has a serverless application that uses Amazon API Gateway backed by AWS Lambda proxy integration. The company is developing several backend APIs. The company needs a landing page to provide an overview of navigation to the APIs.

A developer creates a new /LandingPage resource and a new GET method that uses mock integration.

What should the developer do next to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Configure the integration request mapping template with Content-Type of text/html and statusCode of 200. Configure the integration response mapping template with Content-Type of application/json. In the integration response mapping template, include the LandingPage HTML code that references the APIs.

B.  

Configure the Integration request mapping template with Content-Type of application/json. In the integration request mapping template, include the LandingPage HMTL code that references the APIs. Configure the integration response mapping template with Content-Type of text/html and statusCode of 200.

C.  

Configure the integration request mapping template with Content-Type of application/json and statusCode of 200. Configure the integration response mapping template with Content-Type of text/html. In the integration response mapping template, include the LandingPage HTML code that references the APIs.

D.  

Configure the integration request mapping template with Content-Type of text/html. In the integration request mapping template, include the LandingPage HTML code that references the APIs. Configure the integration response mapping template with Content-Type of application/json and statusCode of 200.

Discussion 0
Questions 88

A developer has created a data collection application that uses Amazon API Gateway, AWS Lambda, and Amazon S3. The application ' s users periodically upload data files and wait for the validation status to be reflected on a processing dashboard. The validation process is complex and time-consuming for large files.

Some users are uploading dozens of large files and have to wait and refresh the processing dashboard to see if the files have been validated. The developer must refactor the application to immediately update the validation result on the user’s dashboard without reloading the full dashboard.

What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Integrate the client with an API Gateway WebSocket API. Save the user-uploaded files with the WebSocket connection ID. Push the validation status to the connection ID when the processing is complete to initiate an update of the UI.

B.  

Launch an Amazon EC2 micro instance, and set up a WebSocket server. Send the user-uploaded file and user detail to the EC2 instance after the user uploads the file. Use the WebSocket server to send updates to the UI when the uploaded file is processed.

C.  

Save the user ' s email address along with the user-uploaded file. When the validation process is complete, send an email notification through Amazon SNS to the user who uploaded the file.

D.  

Save the user-uploaded file and user detail to Amazon DynamoDB. Use Amazon DynamoDB Streams with Amazon SNS push notifications to send updates to the browser to update the UI.

Discussion 0
Questions 89

An application adds a processing date to each transaction that it receives. The application writes each transaction to an Amazon DynamoDB table by using the PutItem operation. Each transaction has a unique ID (transactionID). Sometimes the application receives transactions more than once. A developer notices that duplicate transactions in DynamoDB have the latest processing date instead of the date when the transaction was first received. Duplicate records happen infrequently, and most transactions are unique. What is the MOST cost-effective solution that the developer can implement to ensure that PutItem does not update an existing record?

Options:

A.  

Call the GetItem operation first to confirm that the record does not exist. Then call PutItem.

B.  

Enable the TTL attribute on the DynamoDB table.

C.  

Implement a conditional put by using the attribute_exists(transactionID) condition expression.

D.  

Implement a conditional put by using the attribute_not_exists(transactionID) condition expression.

Discussion 0
Questions 90

A developer is building a serverless application that is based on AWS Lambda. The developer initializes the AWS software development kit (SDK) outside of the Lambda handcar function.

What is the PRIMARY benefit of this action?

Options:

A.  

Improves legibility and systolic convention

B.  

Takes advantage of runtime environment reuse

C.  

Provides better error handling

D.  

Creates a new SDK instance for each invocation

Discussion 0
Questions 91

An application ingests data from an Amazon Kinesis data stream. The shards in the data stream are set for normal traffic.

During tests for peak traffic, the application ingests data slowly. A developer needs to adjust the data stream to handle the peak traffic.

What should the developer do to meet this requirement MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.  

Install the Kinesis Producer Library {KPL) to ingest data into the data stream.

B.  

Switch to on-demand capacity mode for the data stream. Specify a partition key when writing data to the data stream.

C.  

Decrease the amount of time that data is kept in the data stream by using the DecreaseStreamRetention Period API operation.

D.  

Increase the shard count in the data stream by using the UpdateShardCount API operation.

Discussion 0
Questions 92

A developer needs to modify an application architecture to meet new functional requirements. Application data is stored in Amazon DynamoDB and processed tor analysis in a nightly batch. The system analysts do not want to wait until the next day to view the processed data and have asked to have it available in near-real time.

Which application architecture pattern would enable the data to be processed as it is received?

Options:

A.  

Event driven

B.  

Client-server d riven

C.  

Fan-out driven

D.  

Schedule driven

Discussion 0
Questions 93

A developer is trying get data from an Amazon DynamoDB table called demoman-table. The developer configured the AWS CLI to use a specific IAM use ' s credentials and ran the following command.

The command returned errors and no rows were returned.

What is the MOST likely cause of these issues?

Options:

A.  

The command is incorrect; it should be rewritten to use put-item with a string argument

B.  

The developer needs to log a ticket with AWS Support to enable access to the demoman-table

C.  

Amazon DynamoOB cannot be accessed from the AWS CLI and needs to called via the REST API

D.  

The IAM user needs an associated policy with read access to demoman-table

Discussion 0
Questions 94

A company is building a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions. The company needs to create a set of test events to test Lambda functions in a development environment. The test events will be created once and then will be used by all the developers in an 1AM developer group. The test events must be editable by any of the 1AM users in the 1AM developer group.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create and store the test events in Amazon S3 as JSON objects. Allow S3 bucket access to all 1AM users.

B.  

Create the test events. Configure the event sharing settings to make the test events shareable.

C.  

Create and store the test events in Amazon DynamoDB. Allow access to DynamoDB by using 1AM roles.

D.  

Create the test events. Configure the event sharing settings to make the test events private.

Discussion 0
Questions 95

A company is developing a web application that allows its employees to upload a profile picture to a private Amazon S3 bucket. There is no size limit for the profile pictures, which should be displayed every time an employee logs in. For security reasons, the pictures cannot be publicly accessible.

What is a viable long-term solution for this scenario?

Options:

A.  

Generate a presigned URL when a picture is uploaded. Save the URL in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Return the URL to the browser when the employee logs in.

B.  

Save the picture ' s S3 key in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Create an Amazon S3 VPC endpoint to allow the employees to download pictures once they log in.

C.  

Encode a picture using base64. Save the base64 string in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Allow the browser to retrieve the string and convert it to a picture.

D.  

Save the picture ' s S3 key in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Use a function to generate a presigned URL every time an employee logs in. Return the URL to the browser.

Discussion 0
Questions 96

A developer maintains applications that store several secrets in AWS Secrets Manager. The applications use secrets that have changed over time. The developer needs to identify required secrets that are still in use. The developer does not want to cause any application downtime.

What should the developer do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Configure an AWS CloudTrail log file delivery to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for the GetSecretValue. Secrets Manager API operation requests

B.  

Create a secrets manager-secret-unused AWS Config managed rule. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to Initiate notification when the AWS Config managed rule is met.

C.  

Deactivate the applications secrets and monitor the applications error logs temporarily.

D.  

Configure AWS X-Ray for the applications. Create a sampling rule lo match the GetSecretValue Secrets Manager API operation requests.

Discussion 0
Questions 97

A company stores its data in data tables in a series of Amazon S3 buckets. The company received an alert that customer credit card information might have been exposed in a data table on one of the company ' s public applications. A developer needs to identify all potential exposures within the application environment.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Use Amazon Athena to run a job on the S3 buckets that contain the affected data. Filter the findings by using the SensitiveData:S30bject/Personal finding type.

B.  

Use Amazon Made to run a job on the S3 buckets that contain the affected data. Filter the findings by using the SensitiveData:S30bject/Financial finding type.

C.  

Use Amazon Made to run a job on the S3 buckets that contain the affected data. Filter the findings by using the SensitiveData:S30bject/Personal finding type.

D.  

Use Amazon Athena to run a job on the S3 buckets that contain the affected data. Filter the findings by using the SensitiveData:S30bject/Financial finding type.

Discussion 0
Questions 98

A company is creating an application that processes csv files from Amazon S3 A developer has created an S3 bucket The developer has also created an AWS Lambda function to process the csv files from the S3 bucket

Which combination of steps will invoke the Lambda function when a csv file is uploaded to Amazon S3? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule Configure the rule with a pattern to match the S3 object created event

B.  

Schedule an Amazon EventBridge rule to run a new Lambda function to scan the S3 bucket.

C.  

Add a trigger to the existing Lambda function. Set the trigger type to EventBridge Select the Amazon EventBridge rule.

D.  

Create a new Lambda function to scan the S3 bucket for recently added S3 objects

E.  

Add S3 Lifecycle rules to invoke the existing Lambda function

Discussion 0
Questions 99

A developer is troubleshooting a three-tier application, which is deployed on Amazon EC2 instances. There is a connectivity problem between the application servers and the database servers.

Which AWS services or tools should be used to identify the faulty component? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

AWS CloudTrail

B.  

AWS Trusted Advisor

C.  

Amazon VPC Flow Logs

D.  

Network access control lists

E.  

AWS Config rules

Discussion 0
Questions 100

A developer is building a three-tier web application that should be able to handle a minimum of 5000 requests per minute. Requirements state that the web tier should be completely stateless while the application maintains session state for the users.

How can session data be externalized, keeping latency at the LOWEST possible value?

Options:

A.  

Create an Amazon RDS instance, then implement session handling at the application level to leverage a database inside the RDS database instance for session data storage.

B.  

Implement a shared file system solution across the underlying Amazon EC2 instances, then implement session handling at the application level to leverage the shared file system for session data storage.

C.  

Create an Amazon ElastiCache (Memcached) cluster, then implement session handling at the application level to leverage the cluster for session data storage.

D.  

Create an Amazon DynamoDB table, then implement session handling at the application level to leverage the table for session data storage.

Discussion 0
Questions 101

A developer is creating an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template. The AWS SAM template contains the definition of multiple AWS Lambda functions, an Amazon S3 bucket, and an Amazon CtoudFront distribution. One of the Lambda functions runs on Lambda@Edge in the CloudFront distribution. The S3 bucket is configured as an origin for the CloudFront distribution.

When the developer deploys the AWS SAM template in the eu-west-1 Region, the creation of the stack fails.

Which of the following could be the reason for this issue?

Options:

A.  

CloudFront distributions can be created only in the us-east-1 Region.

B.  

Lambda@Edge functions can be created only in the us-east-1 Region.

C.  

A single AWS SAM template cannot contain multiple Lambda functions.

D.  

The CloudFront distribution and the S3 bucket cannot be created in the same Region.

Discussion 0
Questions 102

An application uses an Amazon DynamoDB table to manage user profiles. A UserID attribute is the primary key of the table. The table also includes columns named Username, EmailAddress, RegistrationDate, Location, and Status.

The application needs to display a list of users from a specific location who registered after a specific date. Queries on the table must be optimized for efficiency.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create a global secondary index (GSI). Use Location as the partition key and RegistrationDate as the sort key. Use the Query operation to retrieve the specified users.

B.  

Use the Scan operation to retrieve the specified users. Use a filter expression for a value in the RegistrationDate column that is greater than the date required by the application.

C.  

Create a local secondary index (LSI). Use Location as the partition key and RegistrationDate as the sort key. Use the Query operation to retrieve the specified users.

D.  

Use the BatchGetItem operation with a filter on the RegistrationDate column for a value that is greater than the required date to retrieve the specified users.

Discussion 0
Questions 103

A developer is building an API that uses an Amazon CloudFront distribution to forward requests to an AWS Lambda function URL. The developer must ensure that the function URL can be accessed only through the CloudFront distribution and not directly.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Create a resource-based policy for the CloudFront distribution. Configure the policy to allow access to the function URL.

B.  

Configure a resource-based policy for the Lambda function to allow only the CloudFront distribution to access the function URL. Configure the distribution to use an origin access control (OAC) for requests to the function URL.

C.  

Create an IAM role that has permissions to invoke the function URL. Configure a service role that has a CloudFront trust policy and permissions to make requests to the function URL.

D.  

Configure a resource-based policy for the Lambda function to allow only the CloudFront distribution ' s IP address range to access the function.

Discussion 0
Questions 104

A company has implemented a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. The company Is using a single AWS account and does not use AWS Organizations. The company needs to test its AWS CloudFormation templates in its primary AWS Region and a disaster recovery Region.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

A.  

In the CodePipeline pipeline, implement an AWS CodeDeploy action for each Region to deploy and test the Cloud Formation templates. Update CodePipeline and AWS CodeBuild with appropriate permissions.

B.  

Configure CodePipeline to deploy and test the Cloud Formation templates. Use CloudFormation StackSets to start deployment across both Regions.

C.  

Configure CodePipeline to invoke AWS CodeBuild to deploy and test the CloudFormation templates in each Region. Update CodeBuild and CloudFormation with appropriate permissions.

D.  

Use the Snyk action in CodePipeline to deploy and test the CloudFormation templates in each Region.

Discussion 0
Questions 105

A developer runs an application that displays scores for sports games on Amazon EC2 instances. The application uses a Redis client to retrieve the scores from an Amazon ElastiCache (Redis OSS) cluster.

The developer observes increased latency during operations on the cache because of connection failures to the cluster. The developer needs to resolve the latency issues.

Options:

A.  

Configure the Redis client to use an exponential backoff retry strategy to establish cache connections.

B.  

Store the scores in the application ' s memory. Perform bulk set operations on the scores that are stored in memory.

C.  

Configure the Redis client in the application to persist connections to the cluster by implementing a connection pool.

D.  

Deploy more nodes in the ElastiCache cluster. Update the Redis client to discover the new nodes.

Discussion 0
Questions 106

An organization is using Amazon CloudFront to ensure that its users experience low-latency access to its web application. The organization has identified a need to encrypt all traffic between users and CloudFront, and all traffic between CloudFront and the web application.

How can these requirements be met? (Select TWO)

Options:

A.  

Use AWS KMS t0 encrypt traffic between cloudFront and the web application.

B.  

Set the Origin Protocol Policy to " HTTPS Only " .

C.  

Set the Origin’s HTTP Port to 443.

D.  

Set the Viewer Protocol Policy to " HTTPS Only " or Redirect HTTP to HTTPS "

E.  

Enable the CloudFront option Restrict Viewer Access.

Discussion 0
Questions 107

A company is building a serverless application composed of multiple AWS Lambda functions. The company wants to accelerate feature development without adding staff or reducing quality . The solution must improve unit tests and code reviews , integrate with the existing IDE , and require no new infrastructure .

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Use AWS CodeBuild with custom scripts for unit tests and Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer for code reviews.

B.  

Use Amazon CodeGuru for code reviews and a custom Lambda-based solution for unit tests.

C.  

Use AWS CodeBuild for tests and rely on manual pull request reviews.

D.  

Use Amazon Q Developer Pro to generate unit tests and perform code reviews directly in the IDE.

Discussion 0
Questions 108

A team is developing an application that is deployed on Amazon EC2 instances. During testing, the team receives an error. The EC2 instances are unable to access an Amazon S3 bucket.

Which steps should the team take to troubleshoot this issue? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Check whether the policy that is assigned to the JAM role that is attached to the EC2 instances grants access to Amazon S3.

B.  

Check the S3 bucket policy to validate the access permissions for the S3 bucket.

C.  

Check whether the policy that is assigned to the 1AM user that is attached to the EC2 instances grants access to Amazon S3.

D.  

Check the S3 Lifecycle policy to validate the permissions that are assigned to the S3 bucket.

E.  

Check the security groups that are assigned to the EC2 instances. Make sure that a rule is not blocking the access to Amazon S3.

Discussion 0
Questions 109

A developer has a financial application. The application uses AWS Secrets Manager to manage an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database ' s username and password. The developer needs to rotate the password while maintaining the application ' s high availability. Which solution will meet these requirements with LEAST development effort?

Options:

A.  

Rotate the secret by using the alternating-users rotation strategy. Update the application with an appropriate retry strategy to handle authentication failures.

B.  

Use the PostgreSQL client to create a new database username and password. Include the new secret values by performing an immediate rotation. Use the AWS CLI to update the RDS database password. Perform an immediate rotation of the Secrets Manager secrets.

C.  

Rotate the secret by using multivalue answer rotation. Update the application with an appropriate retry strategy to handle authentication failures.

D.  

Rotate the secret by using the single-user rotation strategy. Update the application with an appropriate retry strategy to handle authentication failures.

Discussion 0
Questions 110

A cloud-based video surveillance company is developing an application that analyzes video files. After the application analyzes the files, the company can discard the files.

The company stores the files in an Amazon S3 bucket. The files are 1 GB in size on average. No file is larger than 2 GB. An AWS Lambda function will run one time for each video file that is processed. The processing is very I/O intensive, and the application must read each file multiple times.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST performance-optimized way?

Options:

A.  

Attach an Amazon EBS volume that is larger than 1 GB to the Lambda function. Copy the files from the S3 bucket to the EBS volume.

B.  

Attach an Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) to the Lambda function. Use the ENA to read the video files from the S3 bucket.

C.  

Increase the ephemeral storage size to 2 GB. Copy the files from the S3 bucket to the /tmp directory of the Lambda function.

D.  

Configure the Lambda function code to read the video files directly from the S3 bucket.

Discussion 0
Questions 111

A developer is integrating Amazon ElastiCache in an application. The cache will store data from a database. The cached data must populate real-time dashboards. Which caching strategy will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

A read-through cache

B.  

A write-behind cache

C.  

A lazy-loading cache

D.  

A write-through cache

Discussion 0
Questions 112

A company runs a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The application uses Amazon DynamoDB as its database. The company wants to ensure high performance for reads and writes.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.  

Configure auto-scaling for the DynamoDB table with a target utilization of 70%. Set the minimum and maximum capacity units based on the expected workload.

B.  

Use DynamoDB on-demand capacity mode for the table. Specify a maximum throughput higher than the expected peak read and write capacity units.

C.  

Use DynamoDB provisioned throughput mode for the table. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm on the ThrottledRequests metric. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to increase provisioned capacity.

D.  

Create an Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster. Configure the application to use the DAX endpoint.

Discussion 0
Questions 113

A retail company runs a sales analytics application that uses an AWS Lambda function to process transaction data that is stored in Amazon DocumentDB. The application aggregates daily sales data across 500 stores and uses the data to generate reports for senior managers.

Application users report that the application is taking longer to generate reports and that their requests sometimes time out. A developer investigates and notices that the application ' s average response time for report generation has increased from 3 seconds to over 25 seconds.

The developer needs to identify the application ' s performance bottlenecks.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Enable AWS X-Ray tracing for the Lambda function and DocumentDB cluster. Implement custom subsegments to track query execution to identify slow-performing queries.

B.  

Add Amazon CloudWatch Logs error streaming. Create custom CloudWatch metrics based on the logs. Create a CloudWatch dashboard that shows Lambda metrics.

C.  

Modify the Lambda function to use DocumentDB connection pooling. Implement async/await patterns for database operations.

D.  

Add logging statements within the Lambda function to output query execution times and database connection attempts. Store IDs in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to analyze the logs.

Discussion 0
Questions 114

A company regularly receives route status updates from its delivery trucks as events in Amazon EventBridge. The company is building an API-based application in a VPC that will consume and process the events to create a delivery status dashboard. The API application must not be available by using public IP addresses because of security and compliance requirements.

How should the company send events from EventBridge to the API application?

Options:

A.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that runs in the same VPC as the API application. Configure the function as an EventBridge target. Use the function to send events to the API.

B.  

Create an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the API application. Associate a security group with rules that block access from all external sources except for EventBridge. Configure the ALB as an EventBridge target.

C.  

Create an internet-facing Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the API application. Associate a security group with rules that block access from all external sources except for EventBridge. Configure the NLB as an EventBridge target.

D.  

Use the application API endpoint in the VPC as a target for EventBridge. Send events directly to the application API endpoint from EventBridge.

Discussion 0
Questions 115

A developer warns to add request validation to a production environment Amazon API Gateway API. The developer needs to test the changes before the API is deployed to the production environment. For the lest the developer will send test requests to the API through a testing tool.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Export the existing API to an OpenAPI file. Create a new API Import the OpenAPI file Modify the new API to add request validation. Perform the tests Modify the existing API to add request validation. Deploy the existing API to production.

B.  

Modify the existing API to add request validation. Deploy the updated API to a new API Gateway stage Perform the tests Deploy the updated API to the API Gateway production stage.

C.  

Create a new API Add the necessary resources and methods including new request validation. Perform the tests Modify the existing API to add request validation. Deploy the existing API to production.

D.  

Clone the exiting API Modify the new API lo add request validation. Perform the tests Modify the existing API to add request validation Deploy the existing API to production.

Discussion 0
Questions 116

A developer needs to give a new application the ability to retrieve configuration data.

The application must be able to retrieve new configuration data values without the need to redeploy the application code. If the application becomes unhealthy because of a bad configuration change, the developer must be able to automatically revert the configuration change to the previous value.

Options:

A.  

Use AWS Secrets Manager to manage and store the configuration data. Integrate Secrets Manager with a custom AWS Config rule that has remediation actions to track changes in the application and to roll back any bad configuration changes.

B.  

Use AWS Secrets Manager to manage and store the configuration data. Integrate Secrets Manager with a custom AWS Config rule. Attach a custom AWS Systems Manager document to the rule that automatically rolls back any bad configuration changes.

C.  

Use AWS AppConfig to manage and store the configuration data. Integrate AWS AppConfig with Amazon CloudWatch to monitor changes to the application. Set up an alarm to automatically roll back any bad configuration changes.

D.  

Use AWS AppConfig to manage and store the configuration data. Integrate AWS AppConfig with Amazon CloudWatch to monitor changes to the application. Set up CloudWatch Application Signals to roll back any bad configuration changes.

Discussion 0
Questions 117

A company hosts its application in the us-west-1 Region. The company wants to add redundancy in the us-east-1 Region. The application secrets are stored in AWS Secrets Manager in us-west-1. A developer needs to replicate the secrets to us-east-1.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Configure secret replication for each secret. Add us-east-1 as a replication Region. Choose an AWS KMS key in us-east-1 to encrypt the replicated secrets.

B.  

Create a new secret in us-east-1 for each secret. Configure secret replication in us-east-1. Set the source to be the corresponding secret in us-west-1. Choose an AWS KMS key in us-west-1 to encrypt the replicated secrets.

C.  

Create a replication rule for each secret. Set us-east-1 as the destination Region. Configure the rule to run during secret rotation. Choose an AWS KMS key in us-east-1 to encrypt the replicated secrets.

D.  

Create a Secrets Manager lifecycle rule to replicate each secret to a new Amazon S3 bucket in us-west-1. Configure an S3 replication rule to replicate the secrets to us-east-1.

Discussion 0
Questions 118

A developer has created a new IAM user that has the s3:PutObject permission to write to a specific Amazon S3 bucket. The S3 bucket uses server-side encryption with AWS KMS–managed keys (SSE-KMS) as the default encryption. When an application uses the access key and secret key of the IAM user to call the PutObject API operation, the application receives an Access Denied error.

What should the developer do to resolve this error?

Options:

A.  

Update the policy of the IAM user to allow the s3:EncryptionConfiguration action.

B.  

Update the bucket policy of the S3 bucket to allow the IAM user to upload objects.

C.  

Update the policy of the IAM user to allow the kms:GenerateDataKey action.

D.  

Update the ACL of the S3 bucket to allow the IAM user to upload objects.

Discussion 0
Questions 119

An Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue serves as an event source for an AWS Lambda function In the SQS queue, each item corresponds to a video file that the Lambda function must convert to a smaller resolution The Lambda function is timing out on longer video files, but the Lambda function ' s timeout is already configured to its maximum value

What should a developer do to avoid the timeouts without additional code changes ' ?

Options:

A.  

Increase the memory configuration of the Lambda function

B.  

Increase the visibility timeout on the SQS queue

C.  

Increase the instance size of the host that runs the Lambda function.

D.  

Use multi-threading for the conversion.

Discussion 0
Questions 120

A developer is creating an AWS Lambda function that needs credentials to connect to an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. An Amazon S3 bucket currently stores the credentials. The developer needs to improve the existing solution by implementing credential rotation and secure storage. The developer also needs to provide integration with the Lambda function.

Which solution should the developer use to store and retrieve the credentials with the LEAST management overhead?

Options:

A.  

Store the credentials in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Select the database that the parameter will access. Use the default AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key to encrypt the parameter. Enable automatic rotation for the parameter. Use the parameter from Parameter Store on the Lambda function to connect to the database.

B.  

Encrypt the credentials with the default AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key. Store the credentials as environment variables for the Lambda function. Create a second Lambda function to generate new credentials and to rotate the credentials by updating the environment variables of the first Lambda function. Invoke the second Lambda function by using an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs on a schedule. Update the database to use the new c

C.  

Store the credentials in AWS Secrets Manager. Set the secret type to Credentials for Amazon RDS database. Select the database that the secret will access. Use the default AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key to encrypt the secret. Enable automatic rotation for the secret. Use the secret from Secrets Manager on the Lambda function to connect to the database.

D.  

Encrypt the credentials by using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Store the credentials in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Create a second Lambda function to rotate the credentials. Invoke the second Lambda function by using an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs on a schedule. Update the DynamoDB table. Update the database to use the generated credentials. Retrieve the credentials from DynamoDB with the first Lambda function. Connect to the d

Discussion 0
Questions 121

A company has an AWS Step Functions state machine named myStateMachine. The company configured a service role for Step Functions. The developer must ensure that only the myStateMachine state machine can assume the service role.

Options:

A.  

" Condition " : { " ArnLike " : { " aws " : " arn:aws:states:ap-south-1:111111111111:stateMachine " } }

B.  

" Condition " : { " ArnLike " : { " aws " : " arn:aws:states:ap-south-1:*:stateMachine " } }

Discussion 0
Questions 122

A web application is using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for clickstream data that may not be consumed for up to 12 hours.

How can the developer implement encryption at rest for data within the Kinesis Data Streams?

Options:

A.  

Enable SSL connections to Kinesis.

B.  

Use Amazon Kinesis Consumer Library.

C.  

Encrypt the data once it is at rest with a Lambda function.

D.  

Enable server-side encryption in Kinesis Data Streams.

Discussion 0
Questions 123

A developer is writing an AWS Lambda function. The developer wants to log key events that occur while the Lambda function runs. The developer wants to include a unique identifier to associate the events with a specific function invocation. The developer adds the following code to the Lambda function:

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Obtain the request identifier from the AWS request ID field in the context object. Configure the application to write logs to standard output.

B.  

Obtain the request identifier from the AWS request ID field in the event object. Configure the application to write logs to a file.

C.  

Obtain the request identifier from the AWS request ID field in the event object. Configure the application to write logs to standard output.

D.  

Obtain the request identifier from the AWS request ID field in the context object. Configure the application to write logs to a file.

Discussion 0
Questions 124

An Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream is receiving customer data that contains personally identifiable information. A developer needs to remove pattern-based customer identifiers from the data and store the modified data in an Amazon S3 bucket.

What should the developer do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Implement Kinesis Data Firehose data transformation as an AWS Lambda function. Configure the function to remove the customer identifiers. Set an Amazon S3 bucket as the destination of the delivery stream.

B.  

Launch an Amazon EC2 instance. Set the EC2 instance as the destination of the delivery stream. Run an application on the EC2 instance to remove the customer identifiers. Store the transformed data in an Amazon S3 bucket.

C.  

Create an Amazon OpenSearch Service instance. Set the OpenSearch Service instance as the destination of the delivery stream. Use search and replace to remove the customer identifiers. Export the data to an Amazon S3 bucket.

D.  

Create an AWS Step Functions workflow to remove the customer identifiers. As the last step in the workflow, store the transformed data in an Amazon S3 bucket. Set the workflow as the destination of the delivery stream.

Discussion 0
Questions 125

A company operates a web-based loan processing application. The application ' s UI was implemented in JavaScript. The frontend transmits application data securely by using HTTPS to Amazon API Gateway, which initiates an AWS Lambda function in private subnets. The Lambda function interacts with third-party credit check APIs that require persistent API keys. The company enforces strict policies to ensure that personally identifiable information (PII) and sensitive credentials are never exposed in client code, request paths, headers, or logs. The company needs a solution to manage the API keys that the Lambda function needs to use. Which solution will meet this requirement in the MOST secure way?

Options:

A.  

Store the API keys as encrypted environment variables by using an AWS KMS key. Configure the execution role of the Lambda function to have permissions to securely decrypt the environment variables at runtime.

B.  

Pass the API keys to the Lambda function by including the keys as URL query parameters in each HTTPS request.

C.  

Bundle the API keys inside the minified client-side JavaScript.

D.  

Store the API keys as resource metadata tags on the Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to read its own tags at startup by using the AWS SDK.

Discussion 0
Questions 126

A company wants to automate part of its deployment process. A developer needs to automate the process of checking for and deleting unused resources that supported previously deployed stacks but that are no longer used.

The company has a central application that uses the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) to manage all deployment stacks. The stacks are spread out across multiple accounts. The developer’s solution must integrate as seamlessly as possible within the current deployment process.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of configuration?

Options:

A.  

In the central AWS CDK application, write a handler function in the code that uses AWS SDK calls to check for and delete unused resources. Create an AWS CloudPormation template from a JSON file. Use the template to attach the function code to an AWS Lambda function and lo invoke the Lambda function when the deployment slack runs.

B.  

In the central AWS CDK application. write a handler function in the code that uses AWS SDK calls to check for and delete unused resources. Create an AWS CDK custom resource Use the custom resource to attach the function code to an AWS Lambda function and to invoke the Lambda function when the deployment stack runs.

C.  

In the central AWS CDK, write a handler function m the code that uses AWS SDK calls to check for and delete unused resources. Create an API in AWS Amplify Use the API to attach the function code to an AWS Lambda function and to invoke the Lambda function when the deployment stack runs.

D.  

In the AWS Lambda console write a handler function in the code that uses AWS SDK calls to check for and delete unused resources. Create an AWS CDK custom resource. Use the custom resource to import the Lambda function into the stack and to Invoke the Lambda function when the deployment stack runs.

Discussion 0
Questions 127

A developer created an AWS Lambda function that performs a series of operations that involve multiple AWS services. The function ' s duration time is higher than normal. To determine the cause of the issue, the developer must investigate traffic between the services without changing the function code

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Enable AWS X-Ray active tracing in the Lambda function Review the logs in X-Ray

B.  

Configure AWS CloudTrail View the trail logs that are associated with the Lambda function.

C.  

Review the AWS Config logs in Amazon Cloud Watch.

D.  

Review the Amazon CloudWatch logs that are associated with the Lambda function.

Discussion 0
Questions 128

A developer is building an application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 Linux instances that run Apache web server. The application needs to send API calls that contain sensitive customer data to a second Linux fleet that also runs Apache within a peered VPC in the same AWS account and AWS Region as the original cluster. All sensitive data must be encrypted in transit. Instances in both fleets have Amazon EBS volumes attached.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

A.  

Create a security group in each VPC that allows traffic only from the other fleet ' s security group. Assign each security group to the corresponding instances.

B.  

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the two peered VPCs. Pass the sensitive data in the API calls through the Site-to-Site VPN connection.

C.  

Create a customer managed key in AWS KMS to encrypt all EBS volumes. Create an IAM instance profile that has permission to use the customer managed key and attach the key to all instances in both fleets.

D.  

Request a valid certificate through AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) and redeploy both fleets as AWS Nitro Enclaves. Use the ACM for Nitro Enclaves Amazon Machine Image (AMI) and specify the requested certificate for all instances.

Discussion 0
Questions 129

A developer accesses AWS CodeCommit over SSH. The SSH keys configured to access AWS CodeCommit are tied to a user with the following permissions:

The developer needs to create/delete branches

Which specific IAM permissions need to be added based on the principle of least privilege?

Options:

A.  

Option A

B.  

Option B

C.  

Option C

D.  

Option D

Discussion 0
Questions 130

A developer wants to insert a record into an Amazon DynamoDB table as soon as a new file is added to an Amazon S3 bucket.

Which set of steps would be necessary to achieve this?

Options:

A.  

Create an event with Amazon EventBridge that will monitor the S3 bucket and then insert the records into DynamoDB.

B.  

Configure an S3 event to invoke an AWS Lambda function that inserts records into DynamoD

B.  

C.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that will poll the S3 bucket and then insert the records into DynamoDB.

D.  

Create a cron job that will run at a scheduled time and insert the records into DynamoDB.

Discussion 0
Questions 131

A bookstore has an ecommerce website that stores order information in an Amazon DynamoDB table named BookOrders. The DynamoDB table contains approximately one million records.

The table uses OrderID as a partition key. There are no other indexes.

A developer wants to build a new reporting feature to retrieve all records from the table for a specified customer, based on a CustomerID property.

Options:

A.  

Create a DynamoDB global secondary index (GSI) on the table. Use CustomerID as the partition key. Use the specified CustomerID value to run a query on the table.

B.  

Create a DynamoDB global secondary index (GSI) on the table. Use CustomerID as the sort key. Use a filter expression to perform a scan operation on the table to match on the specified CustomerID value.

C.  

Create a DynamoDB local secondary index (LSI) on the table. Use CustomerID as the sort key. Run a PartiQL query on the table with a SELECT statement where CustomerID equals the specified CustomerID value.

D.  

Create a DynamoDB local secondary index (LSI) on the table. Use CustomerID as the partition key. Use the specified CustomerID value to run a query on the table.

Discussion 0
Questions 132

A developer maintains a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda to process financial transaction files that have been uploaded to an Amazon S3 bucket. The developer has scheduled a Lambda function to run once each hour to process the files.

Over time, the frequency of file uploads to the S3 bucket increases. The increasing number of file uploads occasionally causes the Lambda function to exceed its 15-minute execution timeout.

The developer needs to modify the application ' s architecture to handle increased file uploads and decrease file processing time. The developer must also ensure that the application does not duplicate the processing of files.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Configure Amazon S3 events to invoke the Lambda function when each file is uploaded. Log processed transaction IDs to Amazon DynamoDB.

B.  

Move the application logic to a single Amazon EC2 instance to handle processing more effectively.

C.  

Use Amazon EventBridge Scheduler to run the Lambda function every 5 minutes to scan the S3 bucket.

D.  

Poll the Amazon S3 bucket continuously by using the Lambda function and each object ' s LastModified timestamp.

Discussion 0
Questions 133

An ecommerce company integrates with a payment processing service that publishes payment activity messages to an Amazon SNS topic. A developer is building an AWS Lambda function to process refund events. The Lambda function must process only refund-related messages .

Which solution will meet this requirement in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

A.  

Configure a Lambda event filter to allow only refund messages to invoke the function.

B.  

Add logic in the Lambda function to ignore non-refund messages.

C.  

Use Amazon SNS subscription filter policies to deliver only refund messages to the Lambda function.

D.  

Increase batch size and batching window parameters for the Lambda function.

Discussion 0
Questions 134

An application development team decides to use AWS X-Ray to monitor application code to analyze performance and perform root cause analysis.

What does the team need to do to begin using X-Ray? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Log instrumentation output into an Amazon SQS queue.

B.  

Use a visualization tool to view application traces.

C.  

Instrument application code using the AWS SDK.

D.  

Install the X-Ray agent on the application servers.

E.  

Create an Amazon DynamoDB table to store the trace logs.

Discussion 0
Questions 135

A developer is running an application on an Amazon EC2 instance. When the application attempts to read from an Amazon S3 bucket, the request fails. The developer determines that the IAM role associated with the EC2 instance is missing the required Amazon S3 read permissions.

The developer must grant the application access to read from the S3 bucket with the LEAST application disruption .

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Add the permission to the IAM role. Terminate the EC2 instance and launch a new instance.

B.  

Add the permission to the IAM role so that the change takes effect automatically.

C.  

Add the permission to the IAM role. Hibernate and restart the EC2 instance.

D.  

Add the permission to the S3 bucket and restart the EC2 instance.

Discussion 0
Questions 136

A developer is building an ecommerce application that uses AWS Lambda functions. Each Lambda function performs a specific step in a customer order workflow, such as order processing and inventory management. The developer must ensure that the Lambda functions run in a specific order.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Configure an Amazon SQS queue to contain messages about each step that a Lambda function must perform. Configure the Lambda functions to run sequentially based on the order of messages in the SQS queue.

B.  

Configure an Amazon SNS topic to contain notifications about each step that a Lambda function must perform. Subscribe the Lambda functions to the SNS topic. Use subscription filters based on the step that each Lambda function must perform.

C.  

Configure an AWS Step Functions state machine to invoke the Lambda functions in a specific order.

D.  

Configure Amazon EventBridge Scheduler schedules to invoke the Lambda functions in a specific order.

Discussion 0
Questions 137

A developer wants to deploy a new version of an AWS Elastic Beanstalk application. During deployment the application must maintain full capacity and avoid service interruption. Additionally, the developer must minimize the cost of additional resources that support the deployment.

Which deployment method should the developer use to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

All at once

B.  

Rolling with additional batch

C.  

Bluegreen

D.  

Immutable

Discussion 0
Questions 138

A developer has been asked to create an AWS Lambda function that is invoked any time updates are made to items in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The function has been created and appropriate permissions have been added to the Lambda execution role Amazon DynamoDB streams have been enabled for the table, but the function 15 still not being invoked.

Which option would enable DynamoDB table updates to invoke the Lambda function?

Options:

A.  

Change the StreamViewType parameter value to NEW_AND_OLOJMAGES for the DynamoDB table.

B.  

Configure event source mapping for the Lambda function.

C.  

Map an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to the DynamoDB streams.

D.  

Increase the maximum runtime (timeout) setting of the Lambda function.

Discussion 0
Questions 139

A developer has an application that pushes files from an on-premises local server to an Amazon S3 bucket. The application uses an AWS access key and a secret key that are stored on the server for authentication. The application calls AWS STS to assume a role with access to perform the S3 PUT operation to upload the file.

The developer is migrating the server to an Amazon EC2 instance. The EC2 instance is configured with an IAM instance profile in the same AWS account that owns the S3 bucket.

What is the MOST secure solution for the developer to use to migrate the automation code?

Options:

A.  

Remove the code that calls the STS AssumeRole operation. Use the same access key and secret key from the server to access the S3 bucket.

B.  

Remove the access key and the secret key. Use the STS AssumeRole operation to add permissions to access the S3 bucket.

C.  

Remove the access key, the secret key, and the code that calls the STS AssumeRole operation. Use an IAM instance profile role that grants access to the S3 bucket.

D.  

Remove the access key, the secret key, and the code that calls the STS AssumeRole operation. Create a new access key and secret key. Use the new keys to access the S3 bucket.

Discussion 0
Questions 140

A company deploys a new application to AWS. The company is streaming application logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. The company ' s development team must receive notification by email when the word " ERROR " appears in any log lines. A developer sets up an Amazon SNS topic and subscribes the development team to the topic.

What should the developer do next to meet the requirements?

Options:

A.  

Select the appropriate log group. Create a CloudWatch metric filter with " ERROR " as the search term. Create an alarm on this metric that notifies the SNS topic when the metric is 1 or higher.

B.  

In CloudWatch Logs Insights, select the appropriate log group. Create a metric query to search for the term " ERROR " in the logs. Create an alarm on this metric that notifies the SNS topic when the metric is 1 or higher.

C.  

Select the appropriate log group. Create an SNS subscription filter with " ERROR " as the filter pattern. Select the SNS topic as the destination.

D.  

Create a CloudWatch alarm that includes " ERROR " as a filter pattern, a log group dimension that defines the appropriate log group, and a destination that notifies the SNS topic.

Discussion 0
Questions 141

A healthcare company uses AWS Amplify to host a patient management system. The system uses Amazon API Gateway to expose RESTful APIs. The backend logic of the system is handled by AWS Lambda functions.

One of the Lambda functions receives patient data that includes personally identifiable information (PII). The Lambda function sends the patient data to an Amazon DynamoDB table. The company must encrypt all patient data at rest and in transit before the data is stored in DynamoDB.

Options:

A.  

Configure the Lambda function to use AWS KMS keys with the AWS Database Encryption SDK to encrypt the patient data before sending the data to DynamoDB.

B.  

Use AWS managed AWS KMS keys to encrypt the data in the DynamoDB table.

C.  

Configure a DynamoDB stream on the table to invoke a Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to use an AWS KMS key to encrypt the DynamoDB table and to update the table.

D.  

Use an AWS Step Functions workflow to transfer the data to an Amazon SQS queue. Configure a Lambda function to encrypt the data in the queue before sending the data to the DynamoDB table.

Discussion 0
Questions 142

A company has built an AWS Lambda function to convert large image files into output files that can be used in a third-party viewer application The company recently added a new module to the function to improve the output of the generated files However, the new module has increased the bundle size and has increased the time that is needed to deploy changes to the function code.

How can a developer increase the speed of the Lambda function deployment?

Options:

A.  

Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the function code

B.  

Use Lambda layers to package and load dependencies.

C.  

Increase the memory size of the function.

D.  

Use Amazon S3 to host the function dependencies

Discussion 0
Questions 143

A healthcare company uses AWS Amplify to host a patient management system. The system uses Amazon API Gateway to expose RESTful APIs. The backend logic of the system is handled by AWS Lambda functions.

One of the Lambda functions receives patient data that includes personally identifiable information (PII). The Lambda function sends the patient data to an Amazon DynamoDB table. The company must encrypt all patient data at rest and in transit before the data is stored in DynamoDB.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Configure the Lambda function to use AWS KMS keys with the AWS Database Encryption SDK to encrypt the patient data before sending the data to DynamoDB.

B.  

Use AWS managed AWS KMS keys to encrypt the data in the DynamoDB table.

C.  

Configure a DynamoDB stream on the table to invoke a Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function use an AWS KMS key to encrypt the DynamoDB table and to update the table.

D.  

Use an AWS Step Functions workflow to transfer the data to an Amazon SQS queue. Configure a Lambda function to encrypt the data in the queue before sending the data to the DynamoDB table.

Discussion 0
Questions 144

A company has an application that uses an Amazon S3 bucket for object storage. A developer needs to configure in-transit encryption for the S3 bucket. All the S3 objects containing personal data needs to be encrypted at rest with AWS KMS keys, which can be rotated on demand.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Write an S3 bucket policy to allow only encrypted connections over HTTPS by using permissions boundary.

B.  

Configure an S3 bucket policy to enable client-side encryption for the objects containing personal data by using an AWS KMS customer managed key

C.  

Configure the application to encrypt the objects by using an AWS KMS customer managed key before uploading the objects containing personal data to Amazon S3.

D.  

Write an S3 bucket policy to allow only encrypted connections over HTTPS by using the aws:SecureTransport condition.

E.  

Configure S3 Block Public Access settings for the S3 bucket to allow only encrypted connections over HTTPS.

Discussion 0
Questions 145

An application makes requests to an Amazon DynamoDB table that is configured with provisioned throughput. The table has a partition key of UserID .

A developer needs to identify items in the table that have a status attribute of " Inactive " . The developer must add a specific email address to the appropriate attribute for all inactive items. The developer attempts to use an AWS Lambda function to update the table items. However, the function fails with the following error: ConditionalCheckFailedException .

How can the developer resolve this error?

Options:

A.  

Update the condition expression section of the request to check whether the status attribute equals " Inactive " before making the update request.

B.  

Update the condition expression section of the request to check whether the email attribute exists in the item before making the update request.

C.  

Include error-handling logic in the Lambda function to retry the update operation when a ConditionalCheckFailedException error occurs.

D.  

Update the condition expression in the request to check whether the email address is in the expected format before making the update request.

Discussion 0
Questions 146

A developer uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy an Amazon API Gateway API and an AWS Step Functions state machine The state machine must reference the API Gateway API after the CloudFormation template is deployed The developer needs a solution that uses the state machine to reference the API Gateway endpoint.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.  

Configure the CloudFormation template to reference the API endpoint in the DefinitionSubstitutions property for the AWS StepFunctions StateMachme resource.

B.  

Configure the CloudFormation template to store the API endpoint in an environment variable for the AWS::StepFunctions::StateMachine resourc Configure the state machine to reference the environment variable

C.  

Configure the CloudFormation template to store the API endpoint in a standard AWS: SecretsManager Secret resource Configure the state machine to reference the resource

D.  

Configure the CloudFormation template to store the API endpoint in a standard AWS::AppConfig;:ConfigurationProfile resource Configure the state machine to referencethe resource.

Discussion 0
Questions 147

A developer creates an Amazon S3 bucket to store project status files that are uploaded hourly. The developer also creates an AWS Lambda function that will be used to process the project status files. What should the developer do to invoke the function with the LEAST amount of AWS infrastructure?

Options:

A.  

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the function every 5 minutes and scan for new objects.

B.  

Create an S3 event notification to invoke the function when a new object is created in the S3 bucket.

C.  

Create an S3 event notification that publishes a message to an Amazon SNS topic. Subscribe the function to the SNS topic.

D.  

Create an S3 event notification that adds a message to an Amazon SQS queue. Configure the function to poll the queue.

Discussion 0
Questions 148

A developer created several AWS Lambda functions that write data to a single Amazon S3 bucket. The developer configured all the Lambda functions to send logs and metrics to Amazon CloudWatch.

The developer receives reports that one of the Lambda functions writes data to the bucket very slowly. The developer needs to measure the latency between the problematic Lambda function and the S3 bucket.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

A.  

Enable AWS X-Ray on the Lambda function. In the generated trace map. select the line between Lambda and Amazon S3.

B.  

Query the Lambda function ' s log file in Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights. Return the average of the auto-discovered ©duration field.

C.  

Enable CloudWatch Lambda Insights on the function. View the latency graph that CloudWatch Lambda Insights provides.

D.  

Enable AWS X-Ray on the Lambda function. Select Amazon S3 in the latency graph to view the latency histogram.

Discussion 0
Questions 149

A developer is deploying a company ' s application to Amazon EC2 instances The application generates gigabytes of data files each day The files are rarely accessed but the files must be available to the application ' s users within minutes of a request during the first year of storage The company must retain the files for 7 years.

How can the developer implement the application to meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.  

Store the files in an Amazon S3 bucket Use the S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval storage class Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition the files to the S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage class after 1 year

B.  

Store the files in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use the S3 Standard storage class. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition the files to the S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval storage class after 1 year.

C.  

Store the files on an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume Use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to create snapshots of the EBS volumes and to store those snapshots in Amazon S3

D.  

Store the files on an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) mount. Configure EFS lifecycle management to transition the files to the EFS Standard-Infrequent Access (Standard-IA) storage class after 1 year.

Discussion 0
Questions 150

A developer is working on a web application that requires selective activation of features . Features must remain hidden from end users until they are ready for release.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create a feature flag configuration profile in AWS AppSync.

B.  

Store prerelease data in DynamoDB and toggle visibility by using DynamoDB Streams.

C.  

Create a feature flag configuration profile in AWS AppConfig . Activate and deactivate feature flags as needed.

D.  

Store prerelease data in AWS Amplify DataStore and toggle visibility through synchronization.

Discussion 0
Questions 151

A company is planning to securely manage one-time fixed license keys in AWS. The company ' s development team needs to access the license keys in automaton scripts that run in Amazon EC2 instances and in AWS CloudFormation stacks.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.  

Amazon S3 with encrypted files prefixed with “config”

B.  

AWS Secrets Manager secrets with a tag that is named SecretString

C.  

AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store SecureString parameters

D.  

CloudFormation NoEcho parameters

Discussion 0
Questions 152

A company hosts a batch processing application on AWS Elastic Beanstalk with instances that run the most recent version of Amazon Linux. The application sorts and processes large datasets. In recent weeks, the application ' s performance has decreased significantly during a peak period for traffic. A developer suspects that the application issues are related to the memory usage. The developer checks the Elastic Beanstalk console and notices that memory usage is not being tracked.

How should the developer gather more information about the application performance issues?

Options:

A.  

Configure the Amazon CloudWatch agent to push logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs by using port 443.

B.  

Configure the Elastic Beanstalk .ebextensions directory to track the memory usage of the instances.

C.  

Configure the Amazon CloudWatch agent to track the memory usage of the instances.

D.  

Configure an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard to track the memory usage of the instances.

Discussion 0
Questions 153

A developer is building an application that uses AWS API Gateway APIs. AWS Lambda function, and AWS Dynamic DB tables. The developer uses the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) to build and run serverless applications on AWS. Each time the developer pushes of changes for only to the Lambda functions, all the artifacts in the application are rebuilt.

The developer wants to implement AWS SAM Accelerate by running a command to only redeploy the Lambda functions that have changed.

Which command will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

sam deploy -force-upload

B.  

sam deploy -no-execute-changeset

C.  

sam package

D.  

sam sync -watch

Discussion 0
Questions 154

A company is expanding the compatibility of its photo-snaring mobile app to hundreds of additional devices with unique screen dimensions and resolutions. Photos are stored in Amazon S3 in their original format and resolution. The company uses an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve the photos The app includes the dimension and resolution of the display as GET parameters with every request.

A developer needs to implement a solution that optimizes the photos that are served to each device to reduce load time and increase photo quality.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effective?

Options:

A.  

Use S3 Batch Operations to invoke an AWS Lambda function to create new variants of the photos with the required dimensions and resolutions. Create a dynamic CloudFront origin that automatically maps the request of each device to the corresponding photo variant.

B.  

Use S3 Batch Operations to invoke an AWS Lambda function to create new variants of the photos with the required dimensions and resolutions. Create a Lambda@Edge function to route requests to the corresponding photo vacant by using request headers.

C.  

Create a Lambda@Edge function that optimizes the photos upon request and returns the photos as a response. Change the CloudFront TTL cache policy to the maximum value possible.

D.  

Create a Lambda@Edge function that optimizes the photos upon request and returns the photos as a response. In the same function store a copy of the processed photos on Amazon S3 for subsequent requests.

Discussion 0
Questions 155

A developer works for a company that only has a single pre-production AWS account with an AWS CloudFormation AWS SAM stack. The developer made changes to an existing AWS Lambda function specified in the AWS SAM template and additional Amazon SNS topics.

The developer wants to do a one-time deployment of the changes to test if the changes are working. The developer does not want to impact the existing pre-production application that is currently being used by other team members as part of the release pipeline.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Use the AWS SAM CLI to package and deploy the SAM application to the pre-production AWS account. Specify the debug parameter.

B.  

Use the AWS SAM CLI to package and create a change set against the pre-production AWS account. Execute the change set in a new AWS account designated for a development environment.

C.  

Use the AWS SAM CLI to package and deploy the SAM application to a new AWS account designated for a development environment.

D.  

Update the CloudFormation stack in the pre-production account. Add a separate stage that points to a new AWS account designated for a development environment.

Discussion 0
Questions 156

A developer is creating an AWS Lambda function. The Lambda function needs an external library to connect to a third-party solution The external library is a collection of files with a total size of 100 MB The developer needs to make the external library available to the Lambda execution environment and reduce the Lambda package space

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Create a Lambda layer to store the external library Configure the Lambda function to use the layer

B.  

Create an Amazon S3 bucket Upload the external library into the S3 bucket. Mount the S3 bucket folder in the Lambda function Import the library by using the proper folder in the mount point.

C.  

Load the external library to the Lambda function ' s /tmp directory during deployment of the Lambda package. Import the library from the /tmp directory.

D.  

Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) volume. Upload the external library to the EFS volume Mount the EFS volume in the Lambda function. Import the library by using the proper folder in the mount point.

Discussion 0
Questions 157

A developer is designing a fault-tolerant environment where client sessions will be saved.

How can the developer ensure that no sessions are lost if an Amazon EC2 instance fails?

Options:

A.  

Use sticky sessions with an Elastic Load Balancer target group.

B.  

Use Amazon SOS to save session data.

C.  

Use Amazon DynamoDB to perform scalable session handling.

D.  

Use Elastic Load Balancer connection draining to stop sending requests to failing instances.

Discussion 0
Questions 158

A developer is creating a web application. The developer needs to store, retrieve, and rotate database credentials, OAuth tokens, and API keys.

The credentials, OAuth tokens, and API keys must be stored securely as secrets and must not be hardcoded in the application source code. The secrets must be automatically rotated every 6 months.

What should the developer do to meet these requirements?

Options:

A.  

Create and store the secrets in AWS KMS. Configure AWS KMS to automatically rotate the secrets every 6 months.

B.  

Create and store the secrets in AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Choose the appropriate certificate type. Set up the rotation period of the certificate to be every 6 months.

C.  

Create and store the secrets in Amazon EventBridge. Configure a RotateKey event in EventBridge to rotate the secrets every 6 months.

D.  

Create and store the secrets in AWS Secrets Manager. Choose the appropriate secret type. Turn on automatic rotation. Set the rotation schedule to every 6 months.

Discussion 0
Questions 159

A company has a two-tier application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group is configured with a lifecycle hook that uses the default health checks for the EC2 instances.

During a recent change deployment, the ALB reported HTTP 502 errors. When a developer checked the target group, some of the EC2 instances were marked as unhealthy. However, the Auto Scaling group was not replacing the unhealthy EC2 instances.

Which configuration change should the developer make to replace the unhealthy EC2 instances?

Options:

A.  

Increase the cooldown period of the Auto Scaling group from its default value.

B.  

Update the lifecycle hook to wait for the application to install.

C.  

Update the Auto Scaling group’s health check from Amazon EC2 to Elastic Load Balancing (ELB).

D.  

Set the health check grace period for the Auto Scaling group.

Discussion 0
Questions 160

A company built a new application in the AWS Cloud. The company automated the bootstrapping of new resources with an Auto Scaling group by using AWS Cloudf-ormation templates. The bootstrap scripts contain sensitive data.

The company needs a solution that is integrated with CloudFormation to manage the sensitive data in the bootstrap scripts.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST secure way?

Options:

A.  

Put the sensitive data into a CloudFormation parameter. Encrypt the CloudFormation templates by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key.

B.  

Put the sensitive data into an Amazon S3 bucket Update the CloudFormation templates to download the object from Amazon S3 during bootslrap.

C.  

Put the sensitive data into AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as a secure string parameter. Update the CloudFormation templates to use dynamic references to specify template values.

D.  

Put the sensitive data into Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EPS) Enforce EFS encryption after file system creation. Update the CloudFormation templates to retrieve data from Amazon EFS.

Discussion 0
Questions 161

A company is developing a serverless application that requires storage of sensitive API keys as environment variables for various services. The application requires the automatic rotation of the encryption keys every year.

Which solution will meet these requirements with no development effort?

Options:

A.  

Encrypt the environment variables by using AWS Secrets Manager. Set up automatic rotation in Secrets Manager.

B.  

Encrypt the environment variables by using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed keys. Enable automatic key rotation.

C.  

Encrypt the environment variables by using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed keys. Configure a custom AWS Lambda function to automate key rotation.

D.  

Encrypt the environment variables by using AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Set up automatic rotation in Parameter Store.

Discussion 0
Questions 162

A company stores customer credit reports in an Amazon S3 bucket. An analytics service uses standard Amazon S3 GET requests to access the reports.

A developer must implement a solution to redact personally identifiable information (PII) from the reports before the reports reach the analytics service.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

A.  

Load the S3 objects into Amazon Redshift by using a COPY command. Implement dynamic data masking. Refactor the analytics service to read from Amazon Redshift.

B.  

Set up an S3 Object Lambda function. Attach the function to an S3 Object Lambda Access Point. Program the function to call a PII redaction API.

C.  

Use AWS KMS to implement encryption in the S3 bucket. Re-upload all the existing S3 objects. Give the kms:Decrypt permission to the analytics service.

D.  

Create an Amazon SNS topic. Implement message data protection. Refactor the analytics service to publish data access requests to the SNS topic.

Discussion 0
Questions 163

A development team uses AWS CodeBuild as part of a CI/CD pipeline. The project includes hundreds of unit and integration tests, and total build time continues to increase. The team wants faster feedback and lower overall testing duration without managing additional infrastructure.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead ?

Options:

A.  

Configure multiple CodeBuild projects and manually split tests across them.

B.  

Configure CodeBuild to split tests across multiple parallel compute environments.

C.  

Run all tests sequentially in a single CodeBuild environment.

D.  

Use Amazon EC2 instances with a custom test runner to distribute tests.

Discussion 0
Questions 164

A company operates on-premises data centers that run an image processing service composed of containerized applications on Kubernetes clusters . All applications share access to a common NFS file system for data storage.

The company is running out of NFS capacity and must migrate to AWS quickly. The Kubernetes clusters must be highly available on AWS.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

A.  

Transfer the data from the NFS share to an Amazon EBS volume. Upload the container images to Amazon ECR.

B.  

Transfer the data from the NFS share to an Amazon EFS file system. Upload the container images to Amazon ECR.

C.  

Create an Amazon ECS cluster and configure each node to mount the Amazon EBS volume.

D.  

Create an Amazon EKS cluster and configure each node to mount the Amazon EBS volume.

E.  

Create an Amazon EKS cluster and configure each node to mount the Amazon EFS file system.

Discussion 0
Questions 165

A company wants to migrate applications from its on-premises servers to AWS. As a first step, the company is modifying and migrating a non-critical application to a single Amazon EC2 instance. The application will store information in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company needs to follow security best practices when deploying the application on AWS.

Which approach should the company take to allow the application to interact with Amazon S3?

Options:

A.  

Create an 1AM role that has administrative access to AWS. Attach the role to the EC2 instance.

B.  

Create an 1AM user. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy. Copy the generated access key and secret key. Within the application code, use the access key and secret key along with the AWS SDK to communicate with Amazon S3.

C.  

Create an 1AM role that has the necessary access to Amazon S3. Attach the role to the EC2 instance.

D.  

Create an 1AM user. Attach a policy that provides the necessary access to Amazon S3. Copy the generated access key and secret key. Within the application code, use the access key and secret key along with the AWS SDK to communicate with Amazon S3.

Discussion 0
Questions 166

A developer is creating an application that will give users the ability to store photos from their cellphones in the cloud. The application needs to support tens of thousands of users. The application uses an Amazon API Gateway REST API that is integrated with AWS Lambda functions to process the photos. The application stores details about the photos in Amazon DynamoDB.

Users need to create an account to access the application. In the application, users must be able to upload photos and retrieve previously uploaded photos. The photos will range in size from 300 KB to 5 MB.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

A.  

Use Amazon Cognito user pools to manage user accounts. Create an Amazon Cognito user pool authorizer in API Gateway to control access to the API. Use the Lambda function to store the photos and details in the DynamoDB table. Retrieve previously uploaded photos directly from the DynamoDB table.

B.  

Use Amazon Cognito user pools to manage user accounts. Create an Amazon Cognito user pool authorizer in API Gateway to control access to the API. Use the Lambda function to store the photos in Amazon S3. Store the object ' s S3 key as part of the photo details in the DynamoDB table. Retrieve previously uploaded photos by querying DynamoDB for the S3 key.

C.  

Create an IAM user for each user of the application during the sign-up process. Use IAM authentication to access the API Gateway API. Use the Lambda function to store the photos in Amazon S3. Store the object ' s S3 key as part of the photo details in the DynamoDB table. Retrieve previously uploaded photos by querying DynamoDB for the S3 key.

D.  

Create a users table in DynamoDB. Use the table to manage user accounts. Create a Lambda authorizer that validates user credentials against the users table. Integrate the Lambda authorizer with API Gateway to control access to the API. Use the Lambda function to store the photos in Amazon S3. Store the object ' s S3 key as par of the photo details in the DynamoDB table. Retrieve previously uploaded photos by querying DynamoDB for the S3 key

Discussion 0
Questions 167

A developer manages an application that stores user objects in an Amazon S3 bucket without versioning enabled. The application has premium users and basic users.

After premium users upload objects, the premium users have unlimited downloads of their objects. Their objects are stored with a premium/ prefix. After basic users upload objects, the basic users can download their objects for 90 days. Their objects are stored with a basic/ prefix.

The developer needs to implement a solution to automatically delete objects for the basic users after 90 days.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?

Options:

A.  

Create an AWS Lambda function that removes any objects in the S3 bucket that have the basic/ prefix and are more than 90 days old. Set up an Amazon EventBridge schedule to invoke the Lambda function every day.

B.  

Set up an S3 Lifecycle rule that applies to the objects that have the premium/ prefix. Set the S3 Lifecycle rule action to expire the current version of the objects that have the premium/ prefix after 90 days.

C.  

Set up an S3 Lifecycle rule that applies to the objects that have the basic/ prefix. Set the S3 Lifecycle rule action to expire the current version of the objects that have the basic/ prefix after 90 days.

D.  

Create a rule for the S3 bucket to identify objects that have the basic/ prefix. Set the rule action to delete any objects that have object delete markers and unfinished multipart uploads after 90 days.

Discussion 0
Questions 168

A developer is creating a video search application for a global company. The video files have an average size of 2.5 TB. The video storage system must provide instant access to the video files for the first 90 days. After the first 90 days, the video files can take more than 10 minutes to load. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

A.  

Upload the video files to the Amazon EFS Standard storage class for the first 90 days. After 90 days, transition the video files to the EFS Standard-Infrequent Access (Standard-IA) storage class.

B.  

Upload the video files to Amazon S3. Use the S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage class for the first 90 days. After 90 days, transition the video files to the S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval storage class.

C.  

Use Amazon EBS to store the video files for the first 90 days. After 90 days, transition the video files to the Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage class.

D.  

Upload the video files to Amazon S3. Use the S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval storage class for the first 90 days. After 90 days, transition the video files to the S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval storage class.

Discussion 0
Questions 169

An AWS Lambda function requires read access to an Amazon S3 bucket and requires read/write access to an Amazon DynamoDB table The correct 1AM policy already exists

What is the MOST secure way to grant the Lambda function access to the S3 bucket and the DynamoDB table?

Options:

A.  

Attach the existing 1AM policy to the Lambda function.

B.  

Create an 1AM role for the Lambda function Attach the existing 1AM policy to the role Attach the role to the Lambda function

C.  

Create an 1AM user with programmatic access Attach the existing 1AM policy to the user. Add the user access key ID and secret access key as environment variables in the Lambda function.

D.  

Add the AWS account root user access key ID and secret access key as encrypted environment variables in the Lambda function

Discussion 0