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ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Question and Answers

ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level

Last Update May 7, 2024
Total Questions : 332

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Questions 1

Which of the following is a benefit of independent testing? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Code cannot be released into production until independent testing is complete.

B.  

Testing is isolated from development.

C.  

Independent testers find different defects and are unbiased.

D.  

Developers do not have to take as much responsibility for quality.

Discussion 0
Questions 2

Within the projects, a master test plan and phase test plan will be used. Following is a list of characteristics applicable for test plans:

a. Any deviation from the procedures described in the test strategy document

b. The overall estimated costs, timescales and resource requirements

c. A detailed schedule of testing activities

d. The development deliverables to be tested

e. Which test staff members (names) will be involved and when

f. Level of requirements coverage achieved

Which THREE of the above mentioned characteristics relate to the master test plan? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

a

B.  

b

C.  

c

D.  

d

E.  

e

F.  

f

Discussion 0
Questions 3

As part of the test strategy, entry and exit criteria will be defined for each test level. Which is NOT a valid reason for using entry and exit criteria? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

The expectation is that development testing is not adequate.

B.  

Exit criteria are used to decide on when to stop testing.

C.  

Entry and exit criteria are a principal way for getting adequate resources.

D.  

Using entry and exit criteria will prevent software that is not or poorly tested from going to the next test level.

Discussion 0
Questions 4

Which one of the following estimation approaches is appropriate at this stage of the project? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

Create an estimate based on the function point analysis technique and test point analysis

B.  

Create an estimate based on the complexity of the code

C.  

Create an estimate based on the credentials of the successful bidder

D.  

Create an estimate based on a percentage of the development effort

Discussion 0
Questions 5

Which test management control option is most appropriate to adopt under these circumstances? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

Introduce mandatory evening and weekend working to retrieve the 3 week slippage.

B.  

Reconsider the exit criteria and review the test plan in the context of the current situation.

C.  

Advise the user community regarding the reduced scope of requirements and the additional incremental delivery.

D.  

Arrange a meeting with the user community representatives to discuss the user interface.

Discussion 0
Questions 6

Which of the following is least likely to be used as a technique to identify project and product risks? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Brainstorming

B.  

Inspections

C.  

Expert interviews

D.  

Independent assessments

Discussion 0
Questions 7

Risks should be constantly reviewed. Given the current situation, which one of the following factors is most likely to lead to a revised view of product risk? 3 credits

Options:

A.  

The concerns over the user interface may lead to changes to the interface which cannot be implemented by development in time for the second test iteration.

B.  

The concerns over the user interface raises the likelihood of a risk in that area and increases the amount of test effort needed for the user interface, thereby limiting the test effort available for other parts of the test management tool.

C.  

The delivery of the application without the interface changes may upset the user community.

D.  

The method used for test estimation is not accurate enough and hence the money spent on testing exceeded its budget.

Discussion 0
Questions 8

The business has asked for a weekly progress report. Which of the following would be appropriate as a measure of test coverage? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

Percentage of business requirements exercised

B.  

Percentage of planned hours worked this week

C.  

Percentage of countries that have test scenarios

D.  

Percentage of test iterations completed

Discussion 0
Questions 9

Which of the following phases in the fundamental test process is considered to deliver a document which can be used as a major input for test process improvement? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Test planning and control

B.  

Test implementation & execution

C.  

Evaluating exit criteria and reporting

D.  

Test project closure

Discussion 0
Questions 10

During test process improvement it is recommended to use standards where possible. Standards originate from various sources and they cover different subjects in relation to testing Pick TWO sources of software standards, useful to software testing from the ones mentioned below. 1 credit

Options:

A.  

ISO 9126-1 ‘Software engineering- Product quality Part 1:

Quality model’ is an international standard, that provides a basis on which to define quality assurance solutions.

B.  

ISA 4126-1 ‘Software engineering- Product quality Part 1:

Quality model’ is an international standard, that provides a basis on which to define quality assurance solutions.

C.  

BS-7925-2 ‘Software testing. Software component testing is a national standard used internationally. It covers a number of testing techniques that may be useful both on component testing level and on system testing level.

D.  

SY-395-01 ‘Standard for East Coast Hospital software’ is a regional standard adapted from a national one. Besides hospital software, this standard ought to be used also by other types of software system in the region.

E.  

IEEE 829 ‘standard for software test documentation’ is an international standard to be following mandatory by all testing origination regardless of lifecycle models.

Discussion 0
Questions 11

In addition to risk, identify TWO other components of a testing strategy. 1 credit

Options:

A.  

The entry and exit criteria for each test phase

B.  

Test training needs for the project resources

C.  

The test design techniques to be used

D.  

Test performance indicators

E.  

The test schedule

Discussion 0
Questions 12

Part of the testing strategy indicates that you are going to be using systematic test design techniques. Your manager has asked that you present the main advantages of using these techniques at the next board meeting. Identify THREE main benefits of using systematic test design techniques within this company. 2 credits (for 2 out of 3 correct 1 credit)

Options:

A.  

Easier to quickly adapt testing to changing requirements compared to experienced-based testing

B.  

Targets certain types of faults

C.  

Will guide experienced testers to find defects

D.  

Provides a way to differentiate depth of testing based on product risks by using different techniques

E.  

More enhanced documentation and therefore higher repeatability and reproducibility

F.  

Will make non-systematic testing redundant

G.  

Will reduce the need for early reviews

Discussion 0
Questions 13

You have been asked to write a testing strategy for the company. Which statement best explains how risk can be addressed within the testing strategy? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

A test strategy should address identified generic product risks and present a process for mitigating those risks in line with the testing policy.

B.  

A test strategy identifies the specific product for a project risk and defines the approach for the test project.

C.  

A test strategy is derived from the test policy and describes the way risk assessments are performed in projects.

D.  

A test strategy is the result of a project risk analysis and defines the approach and resources for testing.

Discussion 0
Questions 14

Given is the following defect removal chart reported at the end of system testing - showing total defects detected and closed defects (fixed and successfully retested). A number of open defects are classified as critical. All tests have been executed.

Based on the chart above, what is the most appropriate next test phase? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Acceptance testing to verify the business process

B.  

Acceptance testing to verify operational requirements

C.  

Requirements testing as part of testing regulatory compliance

D.  

Another system test cycle to verify defect resolution

Discussion 0
Questions 15

Comparing TMMi and TPI, which is not a valid reason for choosing either TPI or TMMi? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

If the scope of test performance improvement covers all test levels, TMMi is preferred since TPI focusses mainly on black-box testing.

B.  

If the organization is already applying CMMI, TMMi may be preferred since it has the same structure and uses the same terminology. TMMi addresses management commitment very strongly and is therefore more suitable to support a top-down improvement process.

C.  

TPI is much more a bottom-up model that is suitable for addressing test topics for a specific (test) project.

D.  

TMMi can only be used with the traditional V model,whereas TPI can be used with all types of software life cycles.

Discussion 0
Questions 16

The test improvement project will take place in an organization developing a safety-critical avionics application. Which one of the following standards do you believe would be most appropriate to take into account for compliance during your assignment? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

ISO 9126

B.  

IEEE 829

C.  

BS 7925/2

D.  

DO-178B

Discussion 0
Questions 17

Under which of the following circumstances is maintenance testing required? [K1]

Options:

A.  

Migration of software onto a new platform

B.  

Testing during initial development of a replacement for an existing system

C.  

Purchase of a new software tool

D.  

Updating of a regression suite

Discussion 0
Questions 18

Which statement BEST describes when test planning should be performed? [K1]

Options:

A.  

Test planning is performed only once, at the beginning of the life cycle, andgenerates a Master Test Plan

B.  

Test planning is performed at the beginning of the life cycle and again at the beginning of test execution

C.  

Test planning is performed at the beginning of the life cycle and again at every test level

D.  

Test planning is performed continuously in all life cycle processes and activities

Discussion 0
Questions 19

What factors should be considered to determine whether enough testing has been performed?

(i)The exit criteria.

(ii)The budget.

(iii)How big the test team is.

(iv)The product's risk profile.

(v)How good the testing tools are.

(vi)Sufficient details of the system status to allow decisions

Options:

A.  

i and ii and iv and vi

B.  

i and ii and iii and vi

C.  

ii and iii and iv and v

D.  

i and ii and v and vi

Discussion 0
Questions 20

Within the projects, a master test plan and phase test plan will be used. Following is a list of characteristics applicable for test plans:

a. Any deviation from the procedures described in the test

b. strategy document

c. The overall estimated costs, timescales and resource

d. requirements

e. A detailed schedule of testing activities

f. The development deliverables to be tested

g. Which test staff members (names) will be involved and when

h. Level of requirements coverage achieved

Which TWO of the above mentioned characteristics relate to the phase test plan? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

a

B.  

b

C.  

c

D.  

d

E.  

e

F.  

f

Discussion 0
Questions 21

What is the purpose of test completion criteria in a test plan:

Options:

A.  

To know when a specific test has finished its execution

B.  

To ensure that the test case specification is complete

C.  

To set the criteria used in generating test inputs

D.  

To know when test planning is complete

E.  

To plan when to stop testing

Discussion 0
Questions 22

Which of the following is a benefit of test independence?

Options:

A.  

It does not require familiarity with the code.

B.  

It is cheaper than using developers to test their own code.

C.  

It avoids author bias in defining effective tests.

D.  

Testers are better at finding defects than developers.

Discussion 0
Questions 23

Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between testing and debugging?

Options:

A.  

Testing pinpoints (identifies the source of) the defects. Debugging analyzes the faults and proposes prevention activities.

B.  

Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects. Debugging finds, analyzes, and removes the causes of failures in the software.

C.  

Testing removes faults. Debugging identifies the causes of failures.

D.  

Dynamic testing prevents causes of failures. Debugging removes the failures.

Discussion 0
Questions 24

In general which part of the testing activity is most difficult to estimate? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Test planning

B.  

Test execution

C.  

Test management

D.  

Test design

Discussion 0
Questions 25

Which of the following would you least expect to form part of the analysis of initial tool costs? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Integration with other tools

B.  

Learning time required to use the new tool

C.  

Tool portability

D.  

Evaluation of suitable tools

Discussion 0
Questions 26

Select THREE issues from the options provided that should at least be raised. 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Has there been sufficient comparison of tools?

B.  

What are the problems we are trying to address?

C.  

Do we have a set of tool requirements to validate the tool against?

D.  

How will the implementation be organized?

E.  

Which project will be selected to perform the tool pilot?

F.  

Is customized training available?

G.  

How will the change process be managed?

Discussion 0
Questions 27

Which of the following options explain why it is often beneficial to have an independent test function in an organisation?

Options:

A.  

To improve defect finding during reviews and testing

B.  

To ensure that developers adhere to coding standards

C.  

To limit communication between developers and testers

D.  

To provide better metrics for the stakeholders

Discussion 0
Questions 28

During the development of a software change for a system, the developer makes a mistake in his work, which leads to a fault in the code. Unfortunately the fault is not found by software testing and is released into live.

What is the definite consequence of this mistake?

Options:

A.  

The system will fail, causing a defect

B.  

If the defect is executed, the system may fail

C.  

Loss of money, time, or business reputation

D.  

Contractual requirements have not been met by testing

Discussion 0
Questions 29

Your task is to compile a test execution schedule for the current release of software.

The system specification states the following logical dependencies:

• An admin user must create/amend/delete a standard user.

• A standard user is necessary to perform all other actions.

The test plan requires that re-tests must be performed first, followed by the highest priority tests. To save time, the test plan states that tests should be scheduled to create test data for the subsequent tests in the schedule.

The following test cases have been designed, with an indication of priority (1 being the highest priority) and whether the test has previously failed.

Which test execution schedule meets the test plan requirements and logical dependencies?

Options:

A.  

a, d, c, b, e

B.  

a, c, b, d, e

C.  

e, a, b, c, d

D.  

e, a, d, c, b

Discussion 0
Questions 30

Based on the information given in the scenario, identify how the team could be improved most effectively? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

By providing training in the payroll domain

B.  

By providing a workshop on test design techniques

C.  

By providing specific training on the systems being tested

D.  

By providing training on reviewing requirements

Discussion 0
Questions 31

Which of the following is a valid drawback of independent testing? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Developer and independent testing will overlap and waste resources.

B.  

Developers loose the sense of responsibility and independent testers may become a bottleneck.

C.  

Independent testers need extra education and always cost more.

D.  

Independent testers will become a bottleneck and introduce problems in incident management.

Discussion 0
Questions 32

Relying only on the information provided in the scenario, select the TWO items and/or features for which sufficient information is available to proceed with test design. 2 credits

Options:

A.  

All supported credit cards

B.  

Language localization

C.  

Valid and invalid advances

D.  

Usability

E.  

Response time

Discussion 0
Questions 33

Given the following figures for the testing on a project, and assuming the failure rate for initial tests remains constant and that all retests pass, what number of tests remain to be run? 3 credits

Options:

A.  

700

B.  

720

C.  

784

D.  

570

Discussion 0
Questions 34

Which of the following are valid reasons for adopting a different life cycle (from the V model), for increments after the first year? 2 credits

i. We do not have a clear understanding of the requirements from a customer perspective.

ii. We see the risk of delivering requested functionality late as being higher than the risk of delivering a lower quality product.

iii. We do not have a budget for additional regression testing which is needed to ensure that existing functionality is not compromised by future iterations.

iv. The company test strategy does not fit well within the V life cycle model.

Options:

A.  

(i) and (ii)

B.  

(i) and (iv)

C.  

(ii) and (iii)

D.  

(ii) and (iv)

Discussion 0
Questions 35

Which of the following would you expect to see in the master test plan? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

A description of how the test cases are cross-referenced to requirements in the test management tool.

B.  

A detailed identification of the resources that will carry out structural testing in the first iteration.

C.  

The test approach that will be applied at system integration testing.

D.  

A list of the names of the testers who will carry out the performance testing for the final iteration.

Discussion 0
Questions 36

Evaluate the status of the project against the defined exit criteria. Which of the following options shows the correct status? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

Criteria A = OK, criteria B = OK, criteria C = OK

B.  

Criteria A = NOT OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = OK

C.  

Criteria A = OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = NOT OK

D.  

Criteria A = NOT OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = NOT OK

Discussion 0
Questions 37

Which of the following team roles would be most appropriate to enhance the team and why? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

A person with the ability to complete tasks

B.  

A quality assurance officer

C.  

A person with in-depth technical skills

D.  

A person who brings new ideas to the team

Discussion 0
Questions 38

What would be a test approach regarding the test design techniques to be applied that would fit an item with the highest risk? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

Component testing: decision testing; System testing: exploratory testing

B.  

Component testing: decision testing; System testing: decision table testing

C.  

Component testing: statement testing; System testing: equivalence partitioning

D.  

Component testing: statement testing; System testing: decision table partitioning

Discussion 0
Questions 39

What is the Risk Priority Number for risk item number 2? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

16

B.  

2

C.  

1

D.  

63

Discussion 0
Questions 40

You have been given responsibility for the non-functional testing of a safety-critical monitoring & diagnostics package in the medical area. Which of the following would you least expect to see addressed in the test plan? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Availability

B.  

Safety

C.  

Portability

D.  

Reliability

Discussion 0
Questions 41

Instead of having an independent test team within the company, the company is considering to outsource testing. What are THREE key challenges that are typical for outsourcing? 1 credit

Options:

A.  

Test environment more complex

B.  

Define expectation for tasks and deliverables

C.  

Clear channels of communications

D.  

Possibly different cultures

E.  

Testing of non-functional requirements

F.  

Audit trail from requirements to test cases

G.  

Applying test automation

Discussion 0
Questions 42

You have investigated different possibilities and selected four of them to present to IT management. Which of the proposals will you most likely give your highest recommendations? 3 credits

Options:

A.  

Insourcing of test automation based on an offer from a local company ABC that has people who are specialists in system level capture-replay automation tools and they also do regular training courses in test automation methods and tools. They can then work closely with Vicki.

B.  

Outsourcing of test automation based on an offer from an Asian company, AsiaAutoTest, which has people who are specialists in system level capture-replay automation tools. They also offer training and besides they offer to run and maintain the regression tests in the future.

C.  

Internal offer from the development department of XYZ to create the regression package using CppUnit as test automation tool. One of the development groups have very good experiences in automating unit tests, and they are willing to do training as well.

D.  

Solution from a tool vendor offering to educate two test team members in the use of their easy-to-use test automation capture replay tool over the first 3 month and based on that build the regression test suite. In addition to Vicki, Steve is the only one that has time available to be educated.

Discussion 0
Questions 43

A test assessment has been carried out using the selected model as a reference framework. A number of recommendations have been identified and you are asked to prioritize them. Based on your knowledge of the project, you are expecting severe resistance to change. Which of the following would be the most important selection criterion for defining the priority of the recommendations? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

Synchronized with the overall long-term organizational strategy

B.  

Defined according to the maturity model used

C.  

Most visible to stakeholders

D.  

Low costs actions first

Discussion 0
Questions 44

The development manager is managing the review of the responses received from bidders, and has asked the in-house test manager to provide a review checklist for the test management aspects of the responses. Which of the following checkpoints would be appropriate? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

The bidder’s test policy should enforce that incident management fully conforms to IEEE 1044.

B.  

The bidder’s project strategy shows that the data content of all the test environments conforms to EU standards.

C.  

The bidder’s test plan shows that the application will be delivered for acceptance in six months time.

D.  

The bidder’s project test plan depicts a phased implementation with later delivery dates to be confirmed and states that test deliverables will be developed using IEEE 829 as a guide.

Discussion 0
Questions 45

Regarding the process described above, what is the most important recommendation you would make using IEEE 1044 as a guide? 2 credits

Options:

A.  

No priority or severity assigned

B.  

Incident numbering is manual rather than automated

C.  

No mentioning of reproduceability

D.  

No classification on type of incident

Discussion 0