Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud projects, structural changes to persisted artifacts must respect upgrade-safe contracts. Changes that alter the physical layout of a table (removing a column that comes via an included structure, or shortening the length of a column by changing its domain) lead to a database conversion because data type/column layout changes must be reconciled on the DB. While our RAP/CDS guides focus on modeling and service exposure, they emphasize strict, typed modeling and upgrade stability—any structural change that affects persistence is subject to strict checks and lifecycle handling.

By contrast, field labels (texts) do not change the physical table layout and thus don’t require a conversion.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

SAP recommends using CDS view entities over classic CDS DDIC-based views due to the following benefits:

Simpler and stricter syntax: CDS view entities enforce a clearer separation of concerns and reduce ambiguity, which helps ensure consistency across the stack. This makes Option C correct.

Elimination of the need for a database view: With CDS view entities, there's no dependency on a separate DDIC SQL view object, reducing redundancy and improving activation performance. This makes Option D correct.

Incorrect options:

Automated client handling (Option A) is supported in both CDS view entities and classic CDS views via annotations like @ClientHandling.

Simplified syntax check (Option B) is not a distinct feature of CDS view entities. Syntax checking is part of ABAP Development Tools regardless of the CDS flavor used.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

RAP and ABAP Cloud emphasize expression-based coding, and REDUCE is a key reduction expression. The code above defines an accumulator (h_structure_variable) and iterates over an internal table (source_itab) with FOR … IN …, so a loop over the source table is created (D). In each iteration, fields are accumulated and, when the expression finishes, the final accumulator value is returned and assigned to structure_variable. With compatible structured types, components are copied name-by-name (C).

In ABAP Cloud, the language is explicitly described as “aligned and extended to support RAP … The application developer uses typed APIs … and benefits from static code checks.” This underpins the use of typed, expression-based constructs like REDUCE for safe, declarative logic.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

ABAP SQL (also known as Open SQL):

Is fully integrated in the ABAP language and supports embedded use with host variables, making Option B correct.

Is first processed by the ABAP Database Interface, which translates Open SQL into the database-specific native SQL. Hence, Option A is also correct.

Option C is incorrect because ABAP SQL is not directly executed on HANA or any database; it is interpreted and adapted by the ABAP layer.

Option D is incorrect because ABAP SQL is not restricted to HANA; it is database-agnostic and works across different supported DBs.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Extensions in SAP S/4HANA Cloud must follow the ABAP Cloud Extensibility Model.

Use released APIs (D) → Only released and whitelisted APIs are permitted.

Use predefined extension points (B) → Extensions can only be made where SAP has defined extension includes or APIs.

Build at UX layer (A) and Use CI/CD pipelines (C) are good practices but not mandatory extension rules.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Extension Guide – Extensibility Rules for Public Cloud.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Encapsulation in ABAP OO and ABAP Cloud ensures that internal object details are hidden from outside consumers.

A. Attributes can be changed through public methods → ✅ Correct, because controlled access is provided through getter/setter or other methods.

B. Attributes can be changed by the client program directly → ❌ Incorrect, this violates encapsulation.

C. Attributes cannot be changed → ❌ Incorrect, they can be changed, but only via allowed mechanisms.

D. Attributes can only be changed by the class itself → ✅ Correct, ensuring business logic consistency.

This aligns with RAP behavior definitions (BDEF) where internal attributes are encapsulated and only manipulated through behavior implementation methods.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide – Encapsulation Principles.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Associations → ✅ Supported in CDS to define relationships between entities without materializing joins.

SQL (Structured Query Language) → ✅ CDS is built on SQL semantics and supports declarative data modeling with SQL-based syntax.

Annotations → ✅ Used to enrich CDS artifacts with metadata for UI, OData exposure, and behavior.

Delegation → ❌ Not a CDS feature; belongs to OO or API design patterns.

Inheritance → ❌ Not supported in CDS entities; CDS focuses on associations and compositions.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS User Guide – CDS View Features and Annotations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

CDS view parameters must be defined with types that are visible in the ABAP Dictionary.

A. Built-in ABAP Dictionary type → ✅ Supported (e.g., CURR, CHAR).

D. Data element → ✅ Supported, as data elements are dictionary-level types.

B. Built-in ABAP type (like i, string) → ❌ Not supported directly, CDS requires dictionary-compatible types.

C. Component of a structure → ❌ Not supported directly; parameters cannot reference structure components.

This ensures that CDS definitions remain database-compatible and semantically rich, which is critical for RAP services.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development Guide – Defining View Parameters.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The requirement is:

Retrieve all carriers from T_CARRIER

Include them even if no corresponding connections exist in T_CONNECTIONS.

Evaluation of each join type:

A. INNER JOIN:Only returns rows where a carrier has at least one matching connection.❌ Incorrect, since carriers without connections would be excluded.

B. LEFT OUTER JOIN (correct):Returns all rows from the left table (T_CARRIER), and connections if they exist.Missing connections are represented with NULL.✔ Correct answer.

C. LEFT INNER JOIN:This is syntactically invalid in ABAP SQL. INNER JOIN and LEFT OUTER JOIN are separate join types, not combined.❌ Incorrect.

D. RIGHT OUTER JOIN (correct):Equivalent to LEFT OUTER JOIN when the tables are reversed.Returns all rows from T_CARRIER, whether or not connections exist.✔ Correct answer.

Thus, LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN are the valid solutions to retrieve all carriers regardless of connections.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

With @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_LANGUAGE, the system field sy-langu is automatically supplied as a default value for the parameter.

This works both in ABAP and in view-on-view scenarios (A).

Developers can still override this value when calling the view explicitly (B).

Options C and D are incorrect: system fields are not limited to ABAP only, and overriding is allowed.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Guide – System Fields in View Parameters.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

A. Automatic execution → ✅ A constructor (CONSTRUCTOR) is automatically invoked when an instance of a class is created.

B. Importing parameters → ✅ Constructors can have importing parameters to initialize the object with values.

C. First method called by client → ❌ Not correct, because constructors are called by the system, not the client explicitly.

D. Returning parameters → ❌ Constructors cannot return values; they only set up the object.

This behavior is consistent across ABAP Cloud OOP classes, ensuring encapsulated initialization logic.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Guide – Class Constructors and Instance Constructors.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

OData services are the standard way to expose RAP services; service bindings bind a service definition to a protocol such as OData.

Business events are a released RAP capability for integration; RAP BOs can define, raise, and consume business events, with remote consumption via SAP Event Mesh and event bindings.

CDS views define the semantic data models used for exposure and consumption; ADT defines CDS entities for the data model that can be used in applications. Together, CDS (data modeling) + OData (service exposure) + Events (event-driven integration) constitute the released, recommended integration building blocks in ABAP Cloud/RAP. (BAdIs are classic enhancement spots and not positioned as the primary integration frameworks for ABAP Cloud developer extensibility; SOAP is not the recommended channel in the RAP guidance above.)

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Use ABAP Development Tools (ADT) in Eclipse: For ABAP Cloud development, ADT must be used, and modern object types such as CDS View Entities and Behavior Definitions can only be edited in ADT. This confirms option B.

Use SAP-released/predefined extension points: RAP extensibility is opt-in; every possible extension point must be defined explicitly in the original BO artifacts. Extensions are performed only at these predefined points to ensure lifecycle stability—this is exactly the “use SAP-released extension points” rule. This confirms option A.

In contrast, directly modifying SAP objects is not part of the clean-core, upgrade-stable model for public cloud; extensions must adhere to released APIs and predefined points (therefore C is not correct). The classic Web Dynpro UI technology is not the target for ABAP Cloud development in S/4HANA Cloud public edition (therefore D is not correct). (Context anchored by the extensibility/clean-core guidance above.)

Study-Guide anchors: ABAP Cloud development with ADT only; RAP opt-in extensibility and predefined extension points for cloud-ready, upgrade-safe extensions.