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Abdomen Sonography Examination Question and Answers

Abdomen Sonography Examination

Last Update Oct 3, 2025
Total Questions : 165

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Questions 1

Which thyroid condition is most likely caused by a viral infection?

Options:

A.  

Hashimoto

B.  

Graves

C.  

Abscess

D.  

De Quervain

Discussion 0
Questions 2

Which patient maneuver would best aid in identifying the pathology demonstrated in this image?

Options:

A.  

Drink water

B.  

Stand upright

C.  

Breathe quietly

D.  

Turn from side to side

Discussion 0
Questions 3

Which is the most common pancreatic cancer?

Options:

A.  

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

B.  

Islet cell carcinoma

C.  

Adenocarcinoma

D.  

Metastasis

Discussion 0
Questions 4

Which sonographic finding distinguishes focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma?

Options:

A.  

Stellate area within the central portion of the mass

B.  

Thin peripheral hypoechoic halo

C.  

Central calcifications

D.  

Target pattern

Discussion 0
Questions 5

What is a major advantage of power Doppler over color flow Doppler?

Options:

A.  

Decreased sensitivity to motion artifacts

B.  

Doppler angle independent

C.  

Improved signal-to-noise ratio

D.  

Ease of determining flow direction

Discussion 0
Questions 6

Which adjustment would most likely improve visualization of a small superficial tubular structure such as a peripheral artery?

Options:

A.  

Decreasing frame rate

B.  

Decreasing transducer wavelength

C.  

Decreasing slice width

D.  

Decreasing power output

Discussion 0
Questions 7

Which congenital anomaly is characterized by the failure of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds to fuse?

Options:

A.  

Ectopic pancreas

B.  

Annular pancreas

C.  

Pancreatic agenesis

D.  

Pancreas divisum

Discussion 0
Questions 8

Which condition results in the vascular abnormality shown in this image of a renal transplant?

Options:

A.  

Iliac arteritis

B.  

Renal artery stenosis

C.  

Renal vein thrombosis

D.  

Arteriovenous malformation

Discussion 0
Questions 9

Which sonographic finding is associated with normal postprocedural Doppler of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)?

Options:

A.  

Triphasic flow throughout stent

B.  

Low-velocity flow throughout stent

C.  

Hepatofugal flow in the intrahepatic portal venous branches

D.  

Hepatopetal flow in the intrahepatic portal venous branches

Discussion 0
Questions 10

Identify the congenital anomaly.

Using your mouse, place the cursor on the appropriate region of the image and then left-click the mouse button to indicate your selection.

Options:

Discussion 0
Questions 11

Which term best describes the common bile duct measured in this image of a postcholecystectomy patient?

Options:

A.  

Normal

B.  

Dilated

C.  

Inflamed

D.  

Atretic

Discussion 0
Questions 12

A 60-year-old man presents to the emergency room, complaining of tearing pain in the chest and abdomen. Blood pressure readings from the two arms show a difference of more than 20 mm. Which ultrasound finding is most likely associated with this presentation?

Options:

A.  

Echogenic material in the inferior vena cava

B.  

Thickened gallbladder wall

C.  

Intimal flap in the aorta

D.  

Pericardial fluid

Discussion 0
Questions 13

Identify the region where Doppler sampling should be performed in a young woman with severe postprandial pain.

Options:

Discussion 0
Questions 14

Which condition is demonstrated in this image of a febrile patient with breast redness and tenderness?

Options:

A.  

Ductal ectasia

B.  

Abscess

C.  

Sebaceous cyst

D.  

Galactocele

Discussion 0
Questions 15

A patient presents with right lower quadrant pain and fever. Which condition is most likely indicated by the arrow on this image?

Options:

A.  

Bowel obstruction

B.  

Intussusception

C.  

Enlarged lymph node

D.  

Ruptured appendix

Discussion 0
Questions 16

Which retroperitoneal finding is most likely associated with trauma?

Options:

A.  

Neuroblastoma

B.  

Fibrosis

C.  

Urinoma

D.  

Adenoma

Discussion 0
Questions 17

Which sonographic finding indicates the need for immediate surgical intervention following testicular trauma?

Options:

A.  

Intratesticular hematoma

B.  

Discontinuity of the tunica albuginea

C.  

Heterogeneity of the testicular parenchyma

D.  

Increased testicular vascularity

Discussion 0
Questions 18

Which condition is associated with multiple pancreatic cysts?

Options:

A.  

Cystic fibrosis

B.  

Von Hippel Lindau syndrome

C.  

Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome

D.  

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Discussion 0
Questions 19

Which mechanism is used for a fine needle aspiration?

Options:

A.  

Automated spring loaded device

B.  

Cutting needle obtains core tissue

C.  

Packing of cells in the needle

D.  

Injection of saline and suction

Discussion 0
Questions 20

Which lymph node shape is concerning for malignancy in the post-thyroidectomy neck?

Options:

A.  

Wider than tall

B.  

Oval

C.  

Taller than wide

D.  

Round

Discussion 0
Questions 21

Which condition is most likely depicted in this image?

Options:

A.  

Bowel obstruction

B.  

Diverticulitis

C.  

Appendicitis

D.  

Intussusception

Discussion 0
Questions 22

Which structure is most likely shown in this image of the right lower quadrant?

Options:

A.  

Fallopian tube

B.  

Ureter

C.  

Appendix

D.  

Jejunum

Discussion 0
Questions 23

Which vessel is located directly proximal to the origination of the renal arteries?

Options:

A.  

Left portal vein

B.  

Splenic vein

C.  

Hepatic artery

D.  

Superior mesenteric artery

Discussion 0
Questions 24

Beginning at the renal artery, what is the correct sequence of arterial branching?

Options:

A.  

Interlobar, arcuate, segmental

B.  

Segmental, arcuate, interlobar

C.  

Arcuate, segmental, interlobar

D.  

Segmental, interlobar, arcuate

Discussion 0
Questions 25

Which imaging technique best demonstrates ureteral patency?

Options:

A.  

Spectral Doppler

B.  

Gray scale

C.  

Color Doppler

D.  

Graded compression

Discussion 0
Questions 26

Which condition is most likely to develop after splenic trauma?

Options:

A.  

Splenule

B.  

Splenosis

C.  

Hamartoma

D.  

Target lesion

Discussion 0
Questions 27

Which sonographic finding is most consistent with this image of the abdominal aorta?

Options:

A.  

Stenosis

B.  

Dissection

C.  

Aneurysm

D.  

Occlusion

Discussion 0
Questions 28

What is the most common cause of nutcracker syndrome?

Options:

A.  

Compression of left renal vein between inferior vena cava and aorta

B.  

Compression of left renal vein between superior mesenteric artery and aorta

C.  

Compression of right renal vein between superior mesenteric artery and aorta

D.  

Compression of right renal vein between inferior vena cava and aorta

Discussion 0
Questions 29

Which sonographic appearance of the bile ducts is demonstrated in this image?

Options:

A.  

Normal intrahepatic

B.  

Dilated intrahepatic

C.  

Dilated common bile

D.  

Dilated common hepatic

Discussion 0
Questions 30

Which vessel is indicated by the arrow on this image?

Options:

A.  

Proper hepatic artery

B.  

Superior mesenteric artery

C.  

Left renal vein

D.  

Right renal artery

Discussion 0
Questions 31

Which congenital disorder is most consistent with the finding identified by the arrow on this image?

Options:

A.  

Sclerosing cholangitis

B.  

Alagille syndrome

C.  

Caroli disease

D.  

Biliary atresia

Discussion 0
Questions 32

Which description is associated with the normal sonographic appearance of a tendon?

Options:

A.  

Cord-like hyperechoic linear structure

B.  

Hyperechoic with posterior shadowing

C.  

Hypoechoic with enhancement

D.  

Thin hypoechoic structure

Discussion 0
Questions 33

Which best describes the Doppler waveform findings in this image?

Options:

A.  

Normal

B.  

Increased resistance

C.  

Tardus parvus

D.  

Triphasic

Discussion 0
Questions 34

Which finding is indicated by the arrow in this image of the right upper quadrant?

Options:

A.  

Retroperitoneal hemorrhage

B.  

Pleural effusion

C.  

Mirror image

D.  

Ascites

Discussion 0
Questions 35

Based on this image, what is the most likely clinical indication for the examination?

Options:

A.  

Abnormal prenatal ultrasound

B.  

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

C.  

Red currant jelly stools

D.  

Projectile vomiting

Discussion 0
Questions 36

Which vessel is typically seen with an echogenic ring of fat when imaging the upper abdominal mesenteric circulation?

Options:

A.  

Splenic artery

B.  

Gastroduodenal artery

C.  

Common hepatic artery

D.  

Superior mesenteric artery

Discussion 0
Questions 37

Which organ is held in place by the lienorenal, gastrosplenic, and phrenocolic ligaments?

Options:

A.  

Stomach

B.  

Spleen

C.  

Pancreas

D.  

Left kidney

Discussion 0
Questions 38

Which laboratory value stays elevated longest and is considered the most reliable in diagnosing pancreatitis?

Options:

A.  

Lipase

B.  

Amylase

C.  

Trypsin

D.  

Somatostatin

Discussion 0
Questions 39

Which diagnosis is most consistent with this image from a patient with acute scrotal pain?

Options:

A.  

Scrotal abscess

B.  

Testicular rupture

C.  

Testicular torsion

D.  

Epididymitis

Discussion 0
Questions 40

Which normal anatomical structure is also known as the accessory pancreatic duct?

Options:

A.  

Duct of Vater

B.  

Duct of Wirsung

C.  

Duct of Santorini

D.  

Common pancreatic duct

Discussion 0
Questions 41

How are portal veins differentiated from hepatic veins?

Options:

A.  

Hepatic veins are oriented towards the porta hepatis

B.  

Portal veins vary in size during respiration

C.  

Hepatic veins have more echogenic walls

D.  

Portal veins branch horizontally

Discussion 0
Questions 42

What is the innermost layer of the gut wall?

Options:

A.  

Serosa

B.  

Submucosa

C.  

Muscularis externa

D.  

Mucosa

Discussion 0
Questions 43

Which clinical indication is most consistent with the finding depicted in this image?

Options:

A.  

Trauma

B.  

Focal pain

C.  

Palpable abnormality

D.  

Decreased range of motion

Discussion 0
Questions 44

Which condition is most likely in a patient presenting with weight loss and fatigue along with elevated liver enzymes, elevated potassium, and decreased sodium?

Options:

A.  

Addison disease

B.  

Conn syndrome

C.  

Acute pancreatitis

D.  

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Discussion 0
Questions 45

Which action should a sonographer take if the abdominal aorta measures 5.5 centimeters in the anteroposterior diameter?

Options:

A.  

Report the finding to the radiologist immediately

B.  

Follow the routine protocol for abdominal ultrasound

C.  

Release patient from care

D.  

Disclose the diagnosis to the patient

Discussion 0
Questions 46

Which technique best differentiates a bladder mass from a hematoma?

Options:

A.  

Use harmonic imaging

B.  

Obtain post-void image

C.  

Fill the bladder

D.  

Change patient position

Discussion 0
Questions 47

Which vascular condition is most commonly associated with a wandering spleen?

Options:

A.  

Infarction

B.  

Torsion

C.  

Rupture

D.  

Portal hypertension

Discussion 0
Questions 48

Where is the main pancreatic duct located?

Options:

A.  

Ventral to the pancreatic body

B.  

Dorsal to the common bile duct

C.  

Dorsal to the superior mesenteric artery

D.  

Medial to the superior mesenteric vein

Discussion 0
Questions 49

What is the normal Doppler waveform signature of the hepatic veins?

Options:

A.  

Low resistant

B.  

Monophasic

C.  

Triphasic

D.  

Turbulent

Discussion 0