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PRM Certification - Exam II: Mathematical Foundations of Risk Measurement Question and Answers

PRM Certification - Exam II: Mathematical Foundations of Risk Measurement

Last Update May 18, 2024
Total Questions : 132

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Questions 1

For a quadratic equation, which of the following is FALSE?

Options:

A.  

If the discriminant is negative, there are no real solutions

B.  

If the discriminant is zero, there is only one solution

C.  

If the discriminant is negative there are two different real solutions

D.  

If the discriminant is positive there are two different real solutions

Discussion 0
Questions 2

Let f(x) = c for x in [0,4] and 0 for other values of x.

What is the value of the constant c that makes f(x) a probability density function; and what if f(x) = cx for x in [0,4]?

Options:

A.  

1/4 and 1/7

B.  

1/7 and 1/9

C.  

1/4 and 1/6

D.  

None of the above

Discussion 0
Questions 3

You want to test the hypothesis that a population parameter β of a regression model is zero. Your alternative hypothesis is that β≠0. Denote by SD(β) the estimated standard deviation of β, and by MEAN(β) the estimated mean of β. Which test statistic is appropriate, and what is its distribution?

Options:

A.  

test statistic = SD(β)/MEAN(β), normal distribution

B.  

test statistic = MEAN(β)/SD(β), normal distribution

C.  

test statistic = SD(β)/MEAN(β), t distribution

D.  

test statistic = MEAN(β)/SD(β), t distribution

Discussion 0
Questions 4

Which of the following statements about skewness of an empirical probability distribution are correct?

1. When sampling returns from a time series of asset prices, discretely compounded returns exhibit higher skewness than continuously compounded returns

2. When the mean is significantly less than the median, this is an indication of negative skewness

3. Skewness is a sign of asymmetry in the dispersion of the data

Options:

A.  

All three statements are correct

B.  

Statements 1 and 2 are correct

C.  

Statements 1 and 3 are correct

D.  

Statements 2 and 3 are correct

Discussion 0
Questions 5

I have a portfolio of two stocks. The weights are 60% and 40% respectively, the volatilities are both 20%, while the correlation of returns is 50%. The volatility of my portfolio is

Options:

A.  

16%

B.  

17.4%

C.  

20%

D.  

24.4%

Discussion 0
Questions 6

On average, one trade fails every 10 days. What is the probability that no trade will fail tomorrow?

Options:

A.  

0.095

B.  

0.905

C.  

0.95

D.  

0.100

Discussion 0
Questions 7

What is the maximum value of the function F(x, y)=x2+y2 in the domain defined by inequalities x ≤ 1, y ≥ -2, y-x ≤ 3 ?

Options:

A.  

29

B.  

-25

C.  

1

D.  

17

Discussion 0
Questions 8

Suppose 60% of capital is invested in asset 1, with volatility 40% and the rest is invested in asset 2, with volatility 30%. If the two asset returns have a correlation of -0.5, what is the volatility of the portfolio?

Options:

A.  

36%

B.  

36.33%

C.  

26.33%

D.  

20.78%

Discussion 0
Questions 9

A biased coin has a probability of getting heads equal to 0.3. If the coin is tossed 4 times, what is the probability of getting heads at least two times?

Options:

A.  

0.7367

B.  

0.3483

C.  

0.2646

D.  

None of these

Discussion 0
Questions 10

What is a Hessian?

Options:

A.  

Correlation matrix of market indices

B.  

The vector of partial derivatives of a contingent claim

C.  

A matrix of second derivatives of a function

D.  

The point at which a minimum of a multidimensional function is achieved

Discussion 0
Questions 11

Which of the following can induce a 'multicollinearity' problem in a regression model?

Options:

A.  

A large negative correlation between the dependent variable and one of the explanatory variables

B.  

A high positive correlation between the dependent variable and one of the explanatory variables

C.  

A high positive correlation between two explanatory variables

D.  

The omission of a relevant explanatory variable

Discussion 0
Questions 12

You are to perform a simple linear regression using the dependent variable Y and the independent variable X (Y = a + bX). Suppose that cov(X,Y)=10, var(X)= 5, and that the mean of X is 1 and the mean of Y is 2. What are the values for the regression parameters a and b?

Options:

A.  

b=0.5, a=2.5

B.  

b=0.5, a=1.5

C.  

b=2, a=4

D.  

b=2, a=0

Discussion 0
Questions 13

What is the probability of tossing a coin and getting exactly 2 heads out of 5 throws?

Options:

A.  

8/15

B.  

9/23

C.  

10/32

D.  

None of these

Discussion 0
Questions 14

If A and B are two events with P(A) = 1/4, P(B) = 1/3 and P(A intersection B) =1/5, what is P(Bc | Ac) i.e. the probability of the complement of B when the complement of A is given?

Options:

A.  

12/29

B.  

37/45

C.  

3/4

D.  

None of these

Discussion 0
Questions 15

An option has value 10 when the underlying price is 99 and value 9.5 when the underlying price is 101. Approximate the value of the option delta using a first order central finite difference.

Options:

A.  

-4

B.  

0.25

C.  

-0.5

D.  

-0.25

Discussion 0
Questions 16

A 95% confidence interval for a parameter estimate can be interpreted as follows:

Options:

A.  

The probability that the real value of the parameter is within this interval is 95%.

B.  

The probability that the real value of the parameter is outside this interval is 95%.

C.  

The probability that the estimated value of the parameter is within this interval is 95%.

D.  

The probability that the estimated value of the parameter is outside this interval is 95%.

Discussion 0
Questions 17

In a 2-step binomial tree, at each step the underlying price can move up by a factor of u = 1.1 or down by a factor of d = 1/u. The continuously compounded risk free interest rate over each time step is 1% and there are no dividends paid on the underlying. Use the Cox, Ross, Rubinstein parameterization to find the risk neutral probability and hence find the value of a European put option with strike 102, given that the underlying price is currently 100.

Options:

A.  

5.19

B.  

5.66

C.  

6.31

D.  

4.18

Discussion 0
Questions 18

Which of the following statements is true?

Options:

A.  

Discrete and continuous compounding produce the same results if the discount rate is positive.

B.  

Continuous compounding is the better method because it results in higher present values compared to discrete compounding.

C.  

Continuous compounding can be thought as making the compounding period infinitesimally small.

D.  

The constant plays an important role in the mathematical description of continuous compounding.

Discussion 0
Questions 19

An asset price S is lognormally distributed if:

Options:

A.  

the change in price (dS) is normally distributed

B.  

1/S is normally distributed

C.  

ln(dS/S) is normally distributed

D.  

ln(1+dS/S) is normally distributed

Discussion 0